Recent developments in chiral and spin polarization effects in heavy-ion collisions
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Recent developments in chiral and spin polarization effects in heavy-ion collisions Jian-Hua Gao1 • Guo-Liang Ma2 • Shi Pu3
•
Qun Wang3
Received: 14 May 2020 / Revised: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 Ó China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. (Science Press), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Nuclear Society and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract We give a brief overview of recent theoretical and experimental results on the chiral magnetic effect and spin polarization effect in heavy-ion collisions. We present updated experimental results for the chiral magnetic effect and related phenomena. The time evolution of the magnetic fields in different models is discussed. The newly developed quantum kinetic theory for massive fermions is reviewed. We present theoretical and experimental results for the polarization of K hyperons and the q00 value of vector mesons.
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11890713, 11890714, 11835002, 11961131011, 11421505, 11535012 and 11890713) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. XDB34030202 and XDB34030102). & Shi Pu [email protected] Jian-Hua Gao [email protected] Guo-Liang Ma [email protected] Qun Wang [email protected] 1
Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and SolarTerrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
2
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
3
Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Keywords Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Chiral magnetic effect Chiral kinetic theory Spin polarization
1 Introduction In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, two charged nuclei collide to produce a hot, dense state of matter known as a quark–gluon plasma (QGP). Very high magnetic fields and orbital angular momenta (OAMs) are generated in these collisions. The magnetic fields are on the order of 101718 Gs [1–4] and are the strongest magnetic fields observed in nature. The QGP is also found to be the most vortical fluid [5], where a huge OAM is transferred to the fluid in the form of vorticity fields. These novel phenomena open a new window for the study of the QGP in heavy-ion collisions. These novel phenomena are quantum in nature and are usually negligible in classical fluids. The chiral magnetic effect (CME) and chiral separation effect (CSE) [6–8] are two quantum effects on the magnetic field in a chiral fermion system. In the CME, a charge current is induced along the magnetic field: j¼
e2 l B; 2p2 5
ð1Þ
where l5 is the chiral chemical potential. The magnetic field can also generate a chiral current j5 ¼
e2 lB; 2p2
ð2Þ
where l is the charge chemical potential. These two quantum effects are related to the chiral anoma
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