Reduction of gut microbial diversity and short chain fatty acids in BALB/c mice exposure to microcystin-LR
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Reduction of gut microbial diversity and short chain fatty acids in BALB/c mice exposure to microcystin-LR Zhang Guilin
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Zhang Pengyu1 Li Wei1,2 Hao Fengqi1 Fangmei Chen1 Yang Yu1 Hou Yue1 Tao Yuting1 ●
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Accepted: 9 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Gut microbiota has been shown to play critical roles in host health. The present study was to determine the toxicological effects of microcystin-LR (MCLR) on gut microbial community and metabolites using 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). MCLR was administered to BALB/c mice by gavage for eight weeks. Results of the microbial alpha-diversity (Sobs, Chao1, ACE and Shannon indexes) decreased in MCLR-treated group versus controls. Phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria decreased significantly in MCLR-treated group versus controls. Correspondingly, more than thirties genera in relative abundance decreased, especially short chain fatty acid (SCFA)producing bacteria (e.g., Alistipes and Ruminococcus). These results indicated that the gut microbial community structure was remarkably changed by MCLR. Furthermore, concentrations of SCFAs were significantly decreased after MCLR exposure (P < 0.01), where butyrate decreased as high as 4.9-fold. Consequently, sub-chronic exposure to MCLR could not only alter the microbial composition but metabolites. This study offered novel insights into the toxic mechanism of MCs from gut microbiota, and facilitated further clarification of risks to human health from MCs exposure. Keywords Microcystin Gut microbiota Metagenomics Short-chain fatty acid ●
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Introduction In recent years, gut microbiota has been studied to play critical roles in host health (Bates et al. 2007; Guo et al. 2014; Loh and Blaut 2012; Mutlu et al. 2018). To explore the structure and function of gut microbiota, metagenomics is increasingly employed because of the improved high throughput sequencing technology. The involvement of gut microbiota in host chronic metabolic diseases has been reported, such as hypertension (Wilck et al. 2017), type 2 diabetes (Forslund et al. 2017; Qin et al. 2012) and stunted childhood growth (Vonaesch et al. 2018). Furthermore,
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02254-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Li Wei [email protected] 1
Changchun University of Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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Wuhan Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School, Wuhan 430220, China
exposure to food mycotoxin or food ingredients altered the microbial community, which caused metabolic effects on mice or rats (Chi et al. 2018; Cotillard et al. 2013; Guo et al. 2014; Looft et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2012). However, it is unknown that how intake of freshwater or aquatic products contaminated with cyanotoxins modulates the community structure of gut microbiota. Cyanobacteria
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