Relationship between soil solution electrochemical changes and methane and nitrous oxide emissions in different rice irr
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Relationship between soil solution electrochemical changes and methane and nitrous oxide emissions in different rice irrigation management systems Diovane Freire Moterle 1 & Leandro Souza da Silva 2
&
Gerson Laerson Drescher 3 & Eduardo Augusto Müller 2
Received: 28 January 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) intermittent irrigation is a potential strategy to mitigate methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but the effects of dry-wetting intervals on soil electrochemical changes and plant characteristics should be considered. This study was conducted in a greenhouse evaluating CH4 and N2O fluxes in rice under five different irrigation management practices (continuous irrigation (CI), intermittent irrigation with flooding resumption in saturated soil condition (SSI) and soil moisture at field capacity (FCI), saturated soil and irrigation resumption with soil moisture bellow field capacity (FCS), and soil at field capacity (FCD)) and its relation to plant development and global warming potential (GWP). Soil electrochemical conditions and CH4 and N2O emissions were expressively affected by irrigation management. The CI system presented the greatest CH4 flux (20.14 g m−2) and GWP (462.7 g m−2 eq. CO2), whereas intermittent irrigation expressively reduced CH4 emissions. Overall, the N2O flux was low (bellow 20 μg m-2 h−1) even with N application, with greater emissions occurring at the FCD treatment at the beginning of the rice season. Soil moisture at field capacity had no CH4 flux but presented greater GWP (271 g m−2 eq. CO2) than intermittent irrigation systems due to N2O flux while compromising rice plant development. The best soil moisture condition to initiate a flooding cycle during intermittent irrigation is at saturated soil conditions. Keywords Global warming . Greenhouse . Intermittent irrigation . Lowland . Rice production
Introduction Global warming is a worldwide concern due to its influence on the weather (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and storms), which directly affects crop production, drinking water availability, and the wildlife and their habitats (IPCC 2018). The atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has been increasing since the 1970s due to anthropic activity (IPCC 2013). In terms Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Leandro Souza da Silva [email protected] 1
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, 540 Osvaldo Aranha Ave, Bento Gonçalves, RS 95700-000, Brazil
2
Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
3
University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
of agricultural GHGs emissions, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases warrant preoccupation (IPCC 2007). These two gases have a global warming potential (GWP) of 25 and 298 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2) and have increas
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