Removal of CO2 in a Multistage Fluidized Bed Reactor by Activated Carbon Prepared from Green Coconut Shell
Now a days due to rapid industrialization green house gases are continuously increasing. Carbon dioxide is the major constituent of the greenhouse gas which causes global warming and climate change. The main sources of carbon dioxide emissions are burning
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1 Introduction Increase of greenhouse gases in atmosphere causes global warming. The major constituent of greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO2). Tremendous amount of CO2 comes from emissions of combustion of fossil fuels. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the most important techniques to control CO2 emission (Plaza et al. 2007). Out of different separation techniques like absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation and membrane separation, adsorption can be a competitive method for CO2 capture because it requires lower energy for solvent regeneration and cost of post-combustion capture reduces (Chaffee et al. 2007). For adsorption of CO2, different sorbents like coal, molecular sieves, zeolites, activated carbon and carbon replicas (Mastalerz et al. 2004) etc. are used. Among these adsorbents, activated carbon is the best suitable adsorbent due to its lower cost, hydrophobicity, and less energy requirements to regenerate (Himeno et al. 2005). The performance of adsorption of activated carbon depends on its surface chemistry and pore structure. (Sircar et al. 1996; Lee et al. 2010). In the present work, green coconut shell based
D. Das (&) D.P. Samal B.C. Meikap Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India e-mail: [email protected] D.P. Samal e-mail: [email protected] B.C. Meikap e-mail: [email protected] B.C. Meikap Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 I. Regupathi et al. (eds.), Recent Advances in Chemical Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1633-2_15
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activated carbon has been prepared. Due to small macropores structure, high fixed carbon content and low ash content, it is more superior than other adsorbent for the adsorption of CO2 from flue gas. The advantages of multistage fluidized bed reactor performance is more as compared to fixed bed reactor due to rapid mixing of solid-fluid and large surface area available for reaction. The multistage fluidized bed reactor with a down comer is one of the recently developed equipment used in industry for removal of pollutants from flue gas (Mohanty et al. 2008, 2009; Mohanty and Meikap 2009). Reduction of gas bypassing is the major advantage of multistage fluidized bed reactor along with narrow residence time distribution of solids as a result of which the reactor approaches the condition of plug flow (Roy et al. 2009). This study represents the operation of a four-stage fluidized bed reactor for removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas by using activated carbon.
2 Material and Method 2.1
Materials
Green coconut Shells were collected from nearby local market of IIT Kharagpur and then cut into small pieces, washed with tap water to remove dirt followed by drying in the sunlight for 15–20 days till it becomes completely dry. Dried materials were kept inside the furnace at 150 °C for 24 h for removal of moisture and other vo
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