A new activated carbon prepared from cypress cones and its application in the COD reduction and colour removal from indu
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A new activated carbon prepared from cypress cones and its application in the COD reduction and colour removal from industrial textile effluent Meryem Khellouf1,2 · Rachida Chemini1 · Zineb Salem1 · Mohamed Khodja2 · Djamel Zeriri2 · Amane Jada3 Received: 18 August 2019 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A new activated carbon from local cypress cones (CCAC) was prepared using phosphoric acid as a chemical activating agent. It presented a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area (SBET) equal to 379.5117 ± 2.3509 m2 g−1 with an amorphous nature. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a heterogeneous and random shape of pores. The reduction in colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the industrial aqueous effluent from the textile company “COTITEX” was the principal performance study of the resulting material. The kinetic data of the adsorption process obeyed a pseudo-second-order model with R2 of 0.988. From five studied parameters, only the initial COD concentration, the pH and the temperature influenced the COD reduction at equilibrium. Maximum COD and colour removal, respectively, 19% and 80.4% were recorded under optimal adsorption conditions of 2 g L−1 of the adsorbent amount, 323°K of operating temperature, pH = 11 and a stirring speed = 300 rpm. The present study showed that CCAC could be a proper material for coloured effluent treatment, whereas, for a better COD reduction, pretreatment is required. Keywords Cypress cones · Activated carbon · Textile wastewater · Adsorption · COD
1 Introduction Industries in many countries must respect the strict environmental regulations applied to the wastewater composition. There is a continuously increasing worldwide trend for the development of wastewater treatment processes and technologies. The textile industry consumes a large amount of pure water mainly used in the dyeing/finishing operations. The amount of wastewater has increased with the demand for textile products (Avinash et al. 2015; Hayat et al. 2015; Daud et al. 2012). The wastewater from textile manufacturers is one of the most polluting in all industrial sectors (Mor et al. 2018) due to the complex chemical composition and visible environmental harm (Harrelkas et al. 2009; Karthikeyan * Meryem Khellouf [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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et al. 2011). Organic recalcitrant, dyes, toxicants, surfactants, chlorinated compounds, salts and some heavy metals are the principal pollutants present in these wastewaters (Mansour et al. 2012; Mahmoodi 2015). It is generally characterized by high values of the ratio of the chemical oxygen demand to the biochemical oxygen demand (COD/BOD), salt and total dissolved solids (TDS) load (De Souza et al. 2016). The discharge of the coloured effluent, into streams and rivers, causes severe hazards to the ecosystem (Wawrzkiewicz et al. 2015) resulting in the ecological imbalance (Holkar et al. 2016) and leads to the depletion of
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