Revision of Coelastrella (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) and first register of this green coccoid microalga for continenta
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Revision of Coelastrella (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) and first register of this green coccoid microalga for continental Norway F. Goecke1 · J. Noda2 · M. Paliocha1 · H. R. Gislerød1 Received: 22 February 2020 / Accepted: 12 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract A terrestrial green microalga was isolated at Ås, in Akershus County, Norway. The strain corresponded to a coccoid chlorophyte. Morphological characteristics by light and electron microscopy, in conjunction with DNA amplification and sequencing of the 18 s rDNA gene and ITS sequences, were used to identify the microalgae. The characteristics agree with those of the genus Coelastrella defined by Chodat, and formed a sister group with the recently described C. thermophila var. globulina. Coelastrella is a relatively small numbered genus that has not been observed in continental Norway before; there are no previous cultures available in collections of Norwegian strains. Gas chromatography analyses of the FAME-derivatives showed a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (44–45%) especially linolenic acid (C18:3n3; 30–34%). After the stationary phase, the cultures were able to accumulate several carotenoids as neoxanthin, pheophytin a, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, and violaxanthin. Due to the scarcity of visual characters suitable for diagnostic purposes and the lack of DNA sequence information, there is a high possibility that species of this genus have been neglected in local environmental studies, even though it showed interesting properties for algal biotechnology. Keywords 18S rDNA · ITS · Algae phylogeny · Fatty acids · Electron microscopy · Strain FGS-001
Introduction Chlorophyta are an ancient and taxonomically diverse lineage of green algae with approximately 8000 described species and an estimated of 5000 still undescribed species (Hadi et al. 2016). For a long time, the classification of these organisms has been entirely based on morphological and cytological features of vegetative stages in their life cycle (Darienko et al. 2015). Unfortunately, the identification of coccoid green algae often presents a challenge for algal taxonomists due to the scarcity of visual characters suitable for Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02897-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * F. Goecke [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Třeboň, Czech Republic
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diagnostic purposes and the lack of DNA sequence information (Škaloud et al. 2016). Traditionally, the order Chlorococcales sensu lato grouped the coccoid taxa and represented one of the most diverse groups of photoautotrophic cryptogams. However, later studies have managed to transfer many taxa to other orders or classes i
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