Rhizobium etli CE3-DsRed pMP604: a useful biological tool to study initial infection steps in Phaseolus vulgaris nodulat
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Rhizobium etli CE3‑DsRed pMP604: a useful biological tool to study initial infection steps in Phaseolus vulgaris nodulation Raúl Dávila‑Delgado1 · Luis Alfredo Bañuelos‑Vazquez2 · Elizabeth Monroy‑Morales1 · Rosana Sánchez‑López1 Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Main conclusion Rhizobium etli CE3-DsRed pMP604 drives infection 12-24 h earlier than R. etli CE3-DsRed and it is an excellent tool in live-cell imaging studies of IT developement in P. vulgaris roots. Abstract The study of the cellular dynamics of nodulation has frequently been limited by the difficulty of performing live-cell imaging in nodule primordia and legume roots, which are constituted by multiple cell layers, such is the case of Phaseolus vulgaris. Seeking conditions to reduce the time it takes for rhizobia to infect P. vulgaris root, we decided to explore the nodulation properties of Rhizobium etli CE3 pMP604, a strain that constitutively produces Nod factors through a flavonoidsindependent transcriptional activation which is often used to purify Nod factors. Even though the strain infects 12–24 h earlier than the parental R. etli CE3 strain, infection thread (IT) formation, nodule organogenesis processes and N2-fixation activity are similar for both strains. Additionally, we have confirmed that R. etli CE3-DsRed pMP604 is an excellent tool to trace IT development in P. vulgaris roots. Keywords Flavonoids-independent transcription · Infection thread · Live-cell imaging · Nod factors · Rhizobia Abbreviations dpi Days post-inoculation hpi Hours post-inoculation IC Infection chamber IT Infection thread
Communicated by Dorothea Bartels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03479-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rosana Sánchez‑López [email protected] 1
Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Introduction According to our current understanding, the origin of the coevolutionary relationship between legume and soil bacteria took place 59 million years ago (Sprent and James 2007). This adaptive process established the morphogenetic basis that led to the development of a new organ on legume root infected with rhizobia, the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodule. Depending on the compatibility between the legume and the rhizobia, nodules display two types of growth: indeterminate (e.g. Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti and Pisum sativum-Rhizobium leguminosarum) which is originated from the proliferation of pericycle and inner cortex cells, it has a persistent apical meristem and an oval shape, or det
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