Robust Magnetized Oil Palm Leaves Ash Nanosilica Composite as Lipase Support: Immobilization Protocol and Efficacy Study
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Robust Magnetized Oil Palm Leaves Ash Nanosilica Composite as Lipase Support: Immobilization Protocol and Efficacy Study Emmanuel Onoja 1,2
& Roswanira Abdul Wahab
2,3
Received: 9 January 2020 / Accepted: 22 May 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Strategies to immobilize the individual enzymes are crucial for enhancing catalytic applicability and require a controlled immobilization process. Herein, protocol for immobilizing Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) onto modified magnetic silica derived from oil palm leaves ash (OPLA) was optimized for the effects of concentration of CRL, immobilization time, and temperature, monitored by titrimetric and spectrometric methods. XRD and TGA-DTG spectrometric observations indicated that OPLA-silica was well coated over magnetite (SiO2-MNPs) and CRLs were uniformly bound by covalent bonds to SiO2-MNPs (CRL/Gl-A-SiO2-MNPs). The optimized immobilization protocol showed that in the preparation of CRL/Gl-A-SiO2-MNPs, CRL with 68.3 mg/g protein loading and 74.6 U/g specific activity was achieved using 5 mg/mL of CRL, with an immobilization time of 12 h at 25 °C. The present work also demonstrated that acidpretreated OPLA is a potential source of renewable silica, envisioning its applicability for practical use in enzymatic catalysis on solid support. Keywords Immobilization . Support matrix . Nanoparticles . Oil palm leaves . Silica . SiO2 Abbreviations APTES 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane CRL Candida rugosa lipase * Emmanuel Onoja [email protected] * Roswanira Abdul Wahab [email protected]
1
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 1012, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria
2
Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
FTIR 1H NMR BET BJH OPL OPLA MNPs GC TGA XRD TEOS
Fourier transform infrared Proton nuclear magnetic resonance Brunauer–Emmett–Teller Barret–Joyner–Halenda Oil palm leaves Oil palm leaves ash Magnetic nanoparticles Gas chromatography Thermogravimetric analysis X-ray diffraction Tetraethyl orthosilicate
Introduction Silica (SiO2) is rated high among the available inorganic support materials used in enzyme immobilization for the promise of preserving the natural form of the enzymes during prolonged catalysis. SiO2 is technologically important for a myriad of applications due to its high stability, rigidity, and diminutive pore size. Pore sizes of the SiO2 network are easily modulated by surfactants to reach sizes between 2.0 and 50.0 nm. This size range can easily accommodate an array of proteins [1, 2] and enable a high enzyme loading capability [3], while the large SiO2 network channels shield enzymes from possible microbial, chemical, and physical attacks. The salient abundance of polar silanol (Si–OH) and siloxane (Si–O–Si) grou
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