Role of Heat Shock Factor 1 in HIV
Viral infection is one of the triggers to heat shock response which is an evolutionarily conserved cell protection mechanism in eukaryotic cells and is closely related to the key transcriptional factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). It is generally recognize
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Abstract Introduction Viral infection is one of the triggers to heat shock response which is an evolutionarily conserved cell protection mechanism in eukaryotic cells and is closely related to the key transcriptional factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). It is generally recognized that HSF1 and its downstream factors especially heat shock proteins play extensive roles in viral infection-associated immune response, cell death, and tissue injury. They work constructively in cell development, differentiation and aging in non-pathological conditions, and work inductively in cell stresses from external environment, cancer development, drug resistance and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, HSF1 and its downstream factors were reported to extensively participate in HIV infection, propagation, latency reversing, and associated inflammatory response. Understanding the mechanism of HSF1 in both physiological and pathological conditions is important to elucidate the role of proteostasis in the action of protein machine in eukaryotic cells. Methods Systematic PubMed retrieval was conducted for all real publications on HSF1, Hsp and HIV. The literature on the role of HSF1 in HIV infection and latent activation was comprehensively investigated, and the searching information was sorted out and analyzed. Results HSF1 and Heat shock proteins are widely involved in the entire life cycle of HIV. HSF1 acts directly on HIV LTR through autophosphorylation to promote HIV transcription activation, and its downstream heat shock proteins hsp90 and X. Xu · S. Liu (*) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Pan State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, China © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. A. A. Asea, P. Kaur (eds.), Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer Therapeutics, Heat Shock Proteins 21, https://doi.org/10.1007/7515_2020_11
X. Xu et al.
hsp60 play active role in promoting HIV transcription, infection, and latent activation. In contrast, some heat shock proteins like HSP70 exert inhibitory effects. Conclusions This article reviews the role of HSF1 and its downstream Hsp in HIV infection. Realizing the role of HSF1 in HIV is in favor of developing new drugs and therapies targeting HSF1 or associated factors for being acquired by immune deficiency syndrome. Keywords Heat shock factor 1 · Heat shock protein 90 · Heat shock response · HIV · Inflammatory response · Latency reactivation
Abbreviations AIDS AP-1 APOBEC3G BRG1 CaMK II CBP CHIP CK2 CREB DBD ELL2 ER stress FACT GM-CSF HAART HADCi HIV HO-1 HR HSE HSF1 HSFs Hsp Hsp90 HSR IKKγ LEDGF LEF-1 LPS LRAs LTR
acquired immune deficiency syndrome activator protein 1 apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G brahma related gene 1 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II CREB-binding protein carbo
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