Scalable COVID-19 Detection Enabled by Lab-on-Chip Biosensors
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Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering (Ó 2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-020-00642-z
COVID-19
Scalable COVID-19 Detection Enabled by Lab-on-Chip Biosensors CARLY TYMM, JUNHU ZHOU, AMOGHA TADIMETY, ALISON BURKLUND, and JOHN X. J. ZHANG Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA (Received 30 May 2020; accepted 27 July 2020) Associate Editor Anubhav Tripathi oversaw the review of this article.
Abstract Introduction—The emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARSCoV-2, has highlighted the need for rapid, accurate, and point-of-care diagnostic testing. As of now, there is not enough testing capacity in the world to meet the stated testing targets, which are expected to skyrocket globally for broader testing during reopening Aim—This review focuses on the development of lab-on-chip biosensing platforms for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Results—We discuss advantages of utilizing lab-on-chip technologies in response to the current global pandemic, including their potential for low-cost, rapid sample-toanswer processing times, and ease of integration into a range of healthcare settings. We then highlight the development of magnetic, colorimetric, plasmonic, electrical, and lateral flow-based lab-on-chip technologies for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to other viruses. We focus on rapid, point-of-care technologies that can be deployed at scale, as such devices could be promising alternatives to the current gold standard of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic testing. Conclusion—This review is intended to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-field and serve as a resource for innovative development of new lab-on-chip assays for COVID-19 detection. Keywords—Lab-on-chip, COVID-19, Diagnostic.
Biosensor,
Coronavirus,
INTRODUCTION As of May 29 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was responsible for over 5.8 million diagnosed cases and over 360,000 deaths worldwide.73 Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses characterized by their spiky viral
Address correspondence to John X. J. Zhang, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA. Electronic mail: [email protected] Carly Tymm and Junhu Zhou have contributed equally to this work.
capsids, and have been responsible for a number of outbreaks including SARS and MERS. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The virus was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan City in the Hubei Province of China and has since spread to over 187 countries globally.33,42 Researchers are still actively working to better characterize the biology of the virus and its epidemiology in humans23,27 to enhance our understanding of disease transmission and clinical manifestation. In addition to immediate impact on global health, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant social and economic impact worldwide, in part due to implemented social distancing measures and world-wide closures.10 Improved molecular and serological diagnostic testing is key to improved patient outcomes and preventing spread
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