Seasonal variation of water transport through the Karimata Strait
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Seasonal variation of water transport through the Karimata Strait Yan Wang1, 2, Tengfei Xu1, 2, Shujiang Li1, 2, R. Dwi Susanto3, 4, Teguh Agustiadi5, Mukti Trenggono6, Wei Tan1, 2, Zexun Wei1, 2* 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural
Resources, Qingdao 266061, China 2 Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and
Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China 3 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA 4 Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116, Indonesia 5 Agency for Marine & Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia 6 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia
Received 12 February 2018; accepted 18 May 2018 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract
Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration (SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged (from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv (1 Sv=1×106 m3/s), while in the boreal summer (from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December 2014 is –0.74 Sv (the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south. Key words: Karimata Strait, water transport, seasonal variation, South China Sea throughflow Citation: Wang Yan, Xu Tengfei, Li Shujiang, Susanto R. Dwi, Agustiadi Teguh, Trenggono Mukti, Tan Wei, Wei Zexun. 2019. Seasonal variation of water transport through the Karimata Strait. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(4): 47–57, doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1224-2
1 Introduction The Karimata Strait (KS) and Gaspar Strait between Sumatra Island and Kalimantan Island are two important channels connecting the South China Sea (SCS) and the Indonesian seas. The KS is located between Belitung Island and Kalimantan Island with a width of 220 km and a depth of 18–50 m. The Gaspar Strait is located between Bangka Island and Belitung Island. Its width is approximately half that of the KS,
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