Secondary metabolite gene clusters arrangement and conservation within the genome of Stemphylium lycopersici codes the p
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Secondary metabolite gene clusters arrangement and conservation within the genome of Stemphylium lycopersici codes the pathways for the synthesis of specific and non-specific toxins Rocio Medina 1 & Mario E. E. Franco 1,2, & César G. Lucentini 1 & Janina A. Rosso 3 & Mario C. N. Saparrat 4,5,6 & Laura C. Bartel 1 & Pedro A. Balatti 1,4 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2020
Abstract The aim of this work was to study the gene clusters that code for secondary metabolites within the genome of Stemphylium lycopersici and evaluate their toxicity in plant tissue since they are probably responsible for the necrotrophic symptoms provoked by S. lycopersici on plants of the Solanaceae family. We analyzed the draft genome sequences using the antiSMASH software to identify potentially toxic molecules that might be produced by S. lycopersici, and studied the activity of secreted compounds on tomato leaflet and pepper leaves. We found more than 30 gene clusters involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Stemphylium lycopersici secreted compounds that provoked necrosis on tomato leaflets as well as on pepper leaves. In conclusion, S. lycopersici have the potential to produce different secondary metabolites including host-specific and non-host-specific toxins (HST and non-HST) as well as compounds that might confer advantages for their development and survival, under certain environmental conditions. Secondary metabolite gene clusters arrangement and conservation within the genome of Stemphylium lycopersici codes the pathways for the synthesis of specific and non-specific toxins. Keywords Grey leaf spot . Secondary metabolites . Stemphylium lycopersici . Virulence factors
Introduction Dothideomycetes is a class of fungi that includes 25 orders worldwide that are well-adapted to different environments (Videira et al. 2017). Pleosporales is the largest order in this class and includes epiphytic, endophytic as well as
parasitic fungi of leaves or stems, as well as fungi and/or insects (Kruys et al. 2006; Ramesh 2003). Stemphylium is a monophyletic genus of Pleosporales that establishes saprotrophic or pathogenic relationships with hosts such as legumes, as well as plants like asparagus, onion, garlic, parsley, pear, sugar beet, tomato, among others (Bradley
Rocio Medina and Mario E. E. Franco contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-020-00737-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mario C. N. Saparrat [email protected] Rocio Medina [email protected] Mario E. E. Franco [email protected] César G. Lucentini [email protected]
Janina A. Rosso [email protected] Laura C. Bartel [email protected] Pedro A. Balatti [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Medina et al.
et al. 2003; Franco et al. 2017a, b; Gálvez et al. 2016; Graf et al. 2
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