Self-assembled graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine films as high-performance quartz crystal microbalance humidity sensors
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Self-assembled graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine films as highperformance quartz crystal microbalance humidity sensors Zhen Yuan, Hui-Ling Tai* Ya-Dong Jiang
, Yuan-Jie Su, Guang-Zhong Xie, Xiao-Song Du,
Received: 26 June 2020 / Revised: 16 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 Ó GRINM Bohan (Beijing) Publishing Co., Ltd 2020
Abstract As humidity is one of the most widely demanded environmental parameters, the precision of its detection is significant. An advanced humidity sensor will improve the validity of the humidity monitoring system. In this study, a facile chemical layer-by-layer self-assembly (CLS) method was developed for fabricating graphene oxide (GO)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) multilayer films. Owing to the chemical bonding between the PEI and GO, and the intrinsic stickiness of the PEI, layered films with different numbers of layers were successfully prepared using the CLS method and confirmed through ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and the mass loading of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Morphological measurements revealed that the roughness and thickness of the films increased exponentially with the number of bilayers. The GO/PEI films were deposited on QCM electrodes using the CLS method to produce the humidity sensors. The humidity measurement results showed a high sensitivity (37.84 Hz/%RH) and rapid response/recovery (\ 5 s/8 s) of the optimal sensor, which was superior to that of recently developed QCM sensors. Keywords Humidity sensors; Quartz crystal microbalance; Graphene oxide; Polyethyleneimine; Selfassembly
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-020-01598-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Z. Yuan, H.-L. Tai*, Y.-J. Su, G.-Z. Xie, X.-S. Du, Y.-D. Jiang State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction Humidity detection is widely applied in various processes, such as manufacturing process control, pharmaceutical processing, electronic reliability protection, and the intelligent control of the living/built environment [1–6]. It is essential to develop advanced humidity sensors with excellent humidity-sensing properties to satisfy the requirement in these area [7, 8]. Various concepts have been employed in studies on humidity sensors [9–13]. Among them, the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a technique that has attracted attention for its ability in tracelevel(ng) mass detection. The mass loading of electrodes can be calculated using Sauerbrey’s equation [14, 15] by counting the resonant frequency shift. Based on this technique, the QCM can be utilized as the gas phase of liquid phase sensors after electrode functionalization. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and graphene oxide (GO) have proven to be promising materials for humidity sensing due to the abund
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