Sensitivity of Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) and Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr., 1794) ticks to entomopathogenic fungi isola
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ARTHROPODS AND MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Sensitivity of Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) and Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr., 1794) ticks to entomopathogenic fungi isolates: preliminary study Anna Szczepańska 1 & Dorota Kiewra 1 & Kinga Plewa-Tutaj 1
&
Dagmara Dyczko 1 & Katarzyna Guz-Regner 2
Received: 23 October 2019 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria and Metarhizium play an important role in controlling the population of arthropods. However, the data on their effectiveness against ticks focus mainly on species that do not occur in Europe. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi against two of the most important tick species in Europe: Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. In our study, the majority of tested entomopathogenic fungi strains showed potential efficacy against both tick species; however, D. reticulatus was less susceptible in comparison to I. ricinus. The observed mortality of ticks was up to 100% by using all commercial strains as well as three out of nine of the environmental strains. Among all tested fungi, the most effective against both tick species was environmental strain Metarhizium anisopliae LO4(1) with LC50 values: 2.6 × 103 cfu/ml–5.7 × 105 cfu/ml. Botanigard proved to be more effective than MET52 with LC50 values: 6.8 × 103 cfu/ ml–3.3 × 106 cfu/ml. The conducted bioassays indicate the potential possibility of using the environmental isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, as well as commercial strains in control of local populations of I. ricinus and D. reticulatus; however, the possibility of using them in vivo requires more research. Keywords Ixodes ricinus . Dermacentor reticulatus . Entomopathogenic fungi . Biocontrol
Introduction Ticks are one of the most important parasites due to transmission of pathogens of tick-borne diseases (TBD). For limiting TBD cases, the individual prophylaxis is mainly recommended; however, the control of the tick population in the environment is also desirable. Among the natural factors limiting the populations of arthropods, there are microorganisms, including entomopathogenic fungi. However, the data concerning
Section Editor: Charlotte Oskam * Kinga Plewa-Tutaj [email protected] 1
Department of Microbial Ecology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego str. 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
2
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego str. 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
their effectiveness against ticks are scarce and show that different tick species, even the different developmental stages, differ in sensitivity to the bioagent. The study on the efficiency of fungi against ticks was focused mainly on the genus Rhipicephalus and additional taxa including Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma variegatum (Onofre et al. 2001; Kirkland et al. 2004; Tuininga et al. 2009; Hedimb
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