Sensitivity of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and nasal wash specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection in the setting of sampli
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BRIEF REPORT
Sensitivity of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and nasal wash specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection in the setting of sampling device shortage Adrien Calame 1,2,3,4 & Léna Mazza 1,2,3 & Adriana Renzoni 1 & Laurent Kaiser 1,2,3 & Manuel Schibler 1,2 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In the context of an unprecedented shortage of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) or sample transport media during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, alternative methods for sample collection are needed. To address this need, we validated a cell culture medium as a viral transport medium, and compared the analytical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in nasal wash (NW), oropharyngeal swab (OPS), and NPS specimens. Both the clinical and analytical sensitivity were comparable in these three sample types. OPS and NW specimens may therefore represent suitable alternatives to NPS for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Keywords SARS-CoV-2 . Diagnostic techniques . Nasopharyngeal swab . Nasal washes . Oropharyngeal swab . Upper respiratory tract infection
Introduction In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a broad testing strategy is crucial to identify infected persons, including less typical clinical presentations of the disease [1]. However, during this pandemic, broad screening is sometimes hampered by equipment and Calame Adrien, Mazza Léna, Kaiser Laurent and Schibler Manuel contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-04039-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Adrien Calame [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Virology, Laboratory Medicine Division, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
2
Division of Infectious Disease, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
3
Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
4
Laboratory of Virology, Laboratory Medicine Division, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva 14, Switzerland
reagent shortages occurring worldwide [2]. Affected items include sampling devices, as well as molecular testing reagents and viral transport medium. The human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been identified in a variety of specimens, including oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, nasal, sputum, and bronchial fluid specimens [3, 5]. The detection of the sarbecovirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, by real-time reverse-transcription PCR (rRTPCR) using a nasopharyngeal specimen is by now the most commonly accepted method and is recommended by the American CDC and others (https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-criteria.html). SARSCoV-2 can also be found in oropharyngeal, sputum, or even saliva specimens [6–10]. The WHO recommends collecting nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), oropharyngeal swabs (OPS), or nasal wash (N
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