Simulation of Tsunami Impact upon Coastline
This paper presents a simulation of a tsunami impact upon an urban coastline. Emphasis was given to the conservation of momentum, as its distribution in space and time is the main factor of the wave’s effects on the coastline. Due to this, a hybrid simula
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Abstract. This paper presents a simulation of a tsunami impact upon an urban coastline. Emphasis was given to the conservation of momentum, as its distribution in space and time is the main factor of the wave’s effects on the coastline. Due to this, a hybrid simulation method was adopted, based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, enriched with geometric constraints and rigid body interactions. The implementation is the result of cooperation between the Bullet physics engine and our custom SPH engine, which successively process the dynamic state of the fluid at every timestep. Furthermore, in order to achieve better performance a custom data structure (LP grid) was developed for the optimization of locality in data storage and minimization of access time. Simulation data is exported to VTK files, allowing interactive processing and visualization. Experimental results demonstrate the benefits of impulse recording at potential hazard estimation and evaluation of defense strategies. Keywords: Fluid simulation · Tsunami interaction · Force visualization
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Introduction
Simulations of natural phenomena are a precious tool for analysis and understanding of the processes behind them as well as the implications of those. Especially fluid dynamics is one of the fields most benefited by the explosive growth of high performance parallel computing architectures of the last years. Tsunamis are one of the most devastating natural disasters, with much attention drawn to them lately, especially after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 T¯ohoku earthquake and tsunami, two of the largest incidents in modern history. Multiscale modelling of tsunami generation, propagation and impact is a trending research area, as respective simulations give valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and relations between the various stages of an unfolding tsunami incident, while also facilitating the assessment of potential hazard it poses upon impact on a coastline. A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by an impulsive disturbance that vertically displaces a large volume of water. Tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and other such events which have c Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 L.T. De Paolis and A. Mongelli (Eds.): AVR 2016, Part I, LNCS 9768, pp. 3–15, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40621-3 1
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A. Spathis-Papadiotis and K. Moustakas
the potential to transmit a huge amount of mechanical energy to an overlying or adjacent water volume. On a macroscopic level, tsunami propagation across the ocean as well as coastline inundation and runup are usually simulated through methods based on various versions of the shallow water equations, which are derived from the Navier-Stokes equations if the horizontal length scale is much greater than the vertical one. Conversely, the aforementioned methods are not appropriate in smaller scale simulations of the impact upon the coastline, since in order to obtain a reliable estimation of t
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