Single-Component and Multi-Component Metal Abatement in Water Using a Hydrogel Based on Chitosan: Characterization, Isot
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Single-Component and Multi-Component Metal Abatement in Water Using a Hydrogel Based on Chitosan: Characterization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Results Pâmela B. Vilela & Amanda Dalalibera & Valter A. Becegato & Alexandre T. Paulino Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 / Published online: 28 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this work was studied the singlecomponent and multi-component abatement of metals in water using a hydrogel based on chitosan. The maximum single-component abatement capacities of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were 234.84 and 482.83 mg of metal per g of dried hydrogel at pH 6 and 40 °C, according to the Sips isotherm. The value for iron (Fe) was 386.59 mg g−1 at pH 4 and 40 °C, according to the Langmuir isotherm. The best kinetic fits were determined using the pseudo-second-order model, whereas the thermodynamic parameters inferred spontaneous, favorable abatement phenomena. Lower abatement capacities were determined for multi-component studies due to the hydrated ionic radius and electronegativity of the metals. The abatement processes were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy coupled to energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectra, indicating reversible chemical interactions between the hydrogel binding groups and Cd, Pb, and Fe. Such hydrogel proved to be a potential Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04873-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. P. B. Vilela : A. Dalalibera : V. A. Becegato : A. T. Paulino Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, SC CEP: 88520-000, Brazil A. T. Paulino (*) Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University, Br 282, km 574, Pinhalzinho, SC CEP: 89870-000, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
functional biopolymer for the treatment of water and wastewater contaminated by heavy metals.
Keywords Hydrogel . Biopolymer . Metal . Water treatment . Pollution abatement
1 Introduction Environmental pollution by toxic metals is a major concern around the world due to their chemical reactivity, non-biodegradability, and bioaccumulation capacity (Abukhadra et al. 2018; Carolin et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2016). The accumulation of toxic metals in the environment is a serious problem, as living organisms are not capable of eliminating these pollutants naturally (Shang et al. 2019). Cd, Pb, and Fe are potential environmental pollutants when batteries and electronic components are discarded improperly (Abraham et al. 2018). Fe is essential for all living organisms at low concentrations. However, high Fe concentrations cause damage to the cardiovascular and digestive systems. Fe may also be carcinogenic and cause neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans (Dusek and Schneider 2012; Nagajyoti et al. 2010; Sastre et al. 2015; Thapa et al. 2019). Cd contaminatio
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