Single-electromagnet levitation for density measurement and defect detection
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Yuhan JIA, Peng ZHAO, Jun XIE, Xuechun ZHANG, Hongwei ZHOU, Jianzhong FU
Single-electromagnet levitation for density measurement and defect detection
© Higher Education Press 2020
Abstract This paper presents a single-electromagnet levitation device to measure the densities and detect the internal defects of antimagnetic materials. The experimental device has an electromagnet in its lower part and a pure iron core in the upper part. When the electromagnet is activated, samples can be levitated stably in a paramagnetic solution. Compared with traditional magnetic levitation devices, the single-electromagnet levitation device is adjustable. Different currents, electromagnet shapes, and distances between the electromagnet and iron core are used in the experiment depending on the type of samples. The magnetic field formed by the electromagnet is strong. When the concentration of the MnCl2 aqueous solution is 3 mol/L, the measuring range of the single-electromagnet levitation device ranges from 1.301 to 2.308 g/cm3. However, with the same concentration of MnCl2 aqueous solution (3 mol/L), the measuring range of a magnetic levitation device built with permanent magnets is only from 1.15 to 1.50 g/cm3. The single-electromagnet levitation device has a large measuring range and can realize accurate density measurement and defect detection of high-density materials, such as glass and aluminum alloy. Keywords single-electromagnet, electromagnetic levitation, density measurement, defect detection
Received May 18, 2020; accepted August 17, 2020
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Yuhan JIA, Peng ZHAO ( ), Jun XIE, Xuechun ZHANG, Hongwei ZHOU, Jianzhong FU The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China E-mail: [email protected] Peng ZHAO Jiangsu Jianghuai Magnetic Industry Co., Ltd., Huaian 211700, China Hongwei ZHOU Tederic Machinery Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311224, China
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Introduction
Magnetic levitation is a promising method for density measurement [1] and defect detection [2]. Compared with other measurement methods, such as density gradient and immersion and weighing, magnetic levitation is faster, more sensitive, and easier to operate [3]. A diamagnetic material can be levitated stably in a paramagnetic solution because of the effect of a magnetic field [4,5]. The sample is not damaged during density measurement and defect detection. Traditional magnetic levitation devices are composed of two permanent NdFeB magnets positioned with like poles facing each other [6]. Transverse magnetic levitation devices (which measure density by horizontal displacement) [7] and axial magnetic levitation devices [8,9] are available at present. A paramagnetic solution is placed between two permanent magnets. When the distance between the two magnets is 45 mm, the magnetic field is linear [10]. When the distance between the two magnets is 60 mm, the magnetic levitation device
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