Soil selenium transformation across different parent materials in Pothwar uplands of Pakistan
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Soil selenium transformation across different parent materials in Pothwar uplands of Pakistan Muhammad Imran 1 Ghulam Mujtaba 2
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& Mohammad Saleem Akhtar & Ayaz Mehmood & Shah Rukh & Ahmad Khan & Chen Zhikun &
Received: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans but non-essential for plants. Selenium bioavailability depends on selenium forms in soil. Selenium contents may vary with the source of parent material, and pedogenesis controls its vertical distribution. The objectives of this study were to determine the variation in Se fractions with parent material and pedogenesis in Pothwar uplands of Pakistan. Triplicate soil profiles at different development stages from selected parent materials (sandstone, alluvium, loess, and shale) were sampled at different genetic horizons level. The soils were characterized for pH, dissolved organic carbon, total organic carbon, dithionite extractable amorphous iron, and cation exchange capacity. Soil selenium was fractioned into ionexchangeable, metal oxides, organic, humic, sulfide, and residual selenium. Selenium in the soil extract was measured using HVG-AAS after centrifuge and passing through a 0.45-μm cellulose free filter. The distribution of total selenium content and selenium fractions varied with the type of parent material and soil genesis. Total selenium contents differed significantly across the different parent material. The highest total selenium was in shale followed by loess, alluvium, and sandstone, respectively. Exchangeable ion, metal oxides, and organic matter selenium were more in loess or the same level as of shale. Evaluation of the distribution of selenium fractions enabled us to estimate the occurrence of potential selenium deficiency and toxicity to humans and animals based on the parent materials and pedogenesis. Keywords Selenium distribution . Soil genesis . Weathering stages . Parent materials . Pakistan
Introduction Selenium is an essential trace element for animals, and intermediate between metals and non-metals (Kurokawa and Berry Responsible Editor: Stefan Grab * Muhammad Imran [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
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Institute of Soil Science, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Department of Soil and Climate Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Key Laboratory of Soil Resource & Biotech Application, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi (Institute of Botany Shaanxi Province), Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
2013). It plays important biological functions, and its deficiency causes serious health problems, while in higher concentrations it becomes toxic (Yatoo et al. 2013; Natasha et al. 2018). Distribution of total selenium content in soils is controll
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