Solvent Dependent Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Acid Blue 3 Dye
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Solvent Dependent Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Acid Blue 3 Dye Jeyaram S 1
&
Geethakrishnan T 2
Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The polar solvents dependent linear and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of acid blue 3 (AB 3) dye has been reported in this paper. A low power continuous wave (CW) diode laser working at 635 nm wavelength was used to perform the Z-scan experiments in the present study. AB 3 dye was dissolved with different polar solvents of 1-propanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfonate (DMSO) and water at a concentration of 0.01 mM. The nonlinear index of refraction (n2) of AB 3 dye was ascribed to self-defocusing effect, and nonlinear coefficient of absorption (β) signifies the behaviors of saturable and reverse saturable absorption. The real and imaginary components of the third-order NLO susceptibility of AB 3 dye in the present polar solvents have been measured to be of the order of 10─6 esu. The influence of polar solvents on third-order NLO susceptibility of the dye sample studied has been discussed. The second-order hyperpolarizability (γ) of AB 3 dye has also been studied and estimated to be of the order of 10─30 esu. The experimental results suggest that AB 3 dye may be a promising candidate for applications in nonlinear optics. Keywords Third-order NLO . Z–scan . AB 3 dye . Polar solvents
Introduction Organic molecules are unsaturated hydrocarbons and have always been enticed the attention of researchers for applications in photonics and optoelectronics [1–4] due to their outstanding optical properties. Synthetic flexibility, stability, dissolvability, tailoring their molecular structure and easy preparation are the exceptional characteristics of organic molecules which makes them ideal candidates for applications in optical switching, optical phase conjugation, double-exposure interferometry, optical data storage, eye and sensor protections [5–10], etc. Among the different types of organic * Jeyaram S [email protected] Geethakrishnan T [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, School of Engineering and Technology, Surya Group of Institutions, Vikravandi, Villupuram, Tamilnadu 605652, India
2
Department of Physics, University College of Engineering Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University), Kakuppam, Villupuram, Tamilnadu 605103, India
molecules, delocalized π-conjugated organic dyes have received a great attention in nonlinear optical (NLO) studies due to their high polarizability, significant third-order NLO susceptibility, ease of solution processability and fast response time [11–16]. In the midst of availability of organic dyes, triphenylmethane is a synthetic dye which is commonly used in food coloring, pH indicator and disclosing tablets in dental medicine [17, 18]. AB 3 dye (C.I. 42,051) is selected as a nonlinear medium in the present study which belongs to the family of triphenylmethane. Molecular surroundin
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