Spatial Relationship of Tourist Distribution in Turkey
This study aims to investigate the spatial dependence of international and domestic tourists in 81 Turkish provinces for the period 2001–2013 using spatial statistics and mapping analysis. In the study, data relating to the number of domestic and internat
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Spatial Relationship of Tourist Distribution in Turkey Deniz Yüncü, Semra Günay and Yeliz Mert Kantar
Abstract This study aims to investigate the spatial dependence of international and domestic tourists in 81 Turkish provinces for the period 2001–2013 using spatial statistics and mapping analysis. In the study, data relating to the number of domestic and international tourists participating in tourism movements in Turkey between 2001 and 2013 was used. The obtained results of an autocorrelation value of near zero shows that there is no global spatial pattern at province levels in Turkey. Since the study was conducted at city level, differences within cities could not be studied. Therefore, the spatial distribution of tourists was analyzed by mapping analysis. The west of Turkey receives more visitors compared to the east. International tourists travel in Turkey becomes denser in the southwest and west coasts of the country. An increase can be seen from the west towards the central parts of Turkey in terms of both domestic and international tourists. The effects of projects, designed to increase rest areas to improve mass tourism can be observed in the distribution of the number of tourists. Furthermore, it may be stated that the effects of practiced strategies, such as the spread of tourism nationwide, thereby decreasing regional development differences, can be seen.
Keywords Tourist flows Exploratory spatial data analysis International tourists Turkey
Domestic tourists
D. Yüncü (&) S. Günay Faculty of Tourism, University of Anadolu, Eskisehir, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] S. Günay e-mail: [email protected] Y.M. Kantar Faculty of Science, University of Anadolu, Eskisehir, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 A. Saufi et al. (eds.), Balancing Development and Sustainability in Tourism Destinations, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1718-6_32
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Introduction Tourism Policies and Tourism Development in Turkey Tourism development and tourism policies in Turkey are grouped in five important time periods depending on the general economic development of the country. These are as follows: strong nationalistic policy (1924–1950), protectionist liberalism (1950–1960), planned economy period (1661–1980), introduction to private entrepreneurship (1980–1990) and emphasis on the private sector and liberal economic policy (1990–to the present) (Var 2005: 2–3). Similar to development in Europe, until the 1950s, tourism, especially international tourism, did not receive any real importance or priority from Turkish governments. On the contrary, because of war psychology, international visitors were taken with suspicion by the authorities and their arrival was discouraged (Tarhan 1997: 61). The period up to 1950 saw the birth of the New Republic with efforts to set national policies, so this was a time when tourism policies could not receive much importance. From the 1950s, government interest in Turkish tourism has stated to show a steady
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