Specific Features of the Modification of Polyvinyl Chloride with Polystyrene Plastics
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SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE MODIFICATION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE WITH POLYSTYRENE PLASTICS V. E. Levyts’kyi,1 Yu. V. Laruk,1 L. M. Bilyi,2,3 V. V. Kochubei,1 and T. V. Humenets’kyi1
UDC 678.743.22:746.222-139
We determine the influence of the nature of polystyrene modifiers on the compatibility of polymers in plasticized polyvinyl-chloride materials. The revealed good compatibility of polyvinyl chloride with polystyrene suspensions, as compared with the impact-resistant polystyrene, is confirmed by the results of scanning electron microscopy. We establish the influence of the content of polystyrene modifier and fine polymer-silicate composites on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of modified polyvinyl-chloride plastics. It is shown that if we insert different amounts of polystyrene modifiers, then it is possible to regulate the physicomechanical properties of plastics and, especially, their elasticity. At the same time, we can increase the thermal stability of the material by adding finely divided metalcontaining polymer-silicate fillers. Keywords: polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, modification, compatibility, composite, thermal stability.
Wide applicability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is explained by its properties required for the consumers. Thus, it can be used for manufacturing various products (sheets, profiles, tubes, cables, linoleum, etc.). Due to elevated requirements to the operating and technological characteristics of materials and products based on PVC, the necessity of their modification is quite urgent. It is possible to efficiently affect the morphology of these materials and, hence, their properties both by means of physical modification and by the additions of various substances, in particular, polymeric [1] and inorganic [2]. In this way, one can endow PVC materials not only with the properties of its separate components but also with new properties caused, first of all, by the presence of interphase domains of various types. The procedure of modification connected with the introduction of various polymers in the mixture is based on the influence of numerous physical and chemical factors caused by different structures of the polymers, the interphase characteristics of the systems, intermolecular interactions, etc. [3]. Since most polymers are incompatible with each other, their mixtures are multiphase systems and a synergistic effect may appear in these systems as a result of the formation of transient domains between different phases. As a result, we can get more advantageous combinations of properties, which can be easily regulated by changing the ratios between the amounts of phases and their sizes. It is quite difficult to add other polymers to PVC due to the uniform distribution of the modifier in the composition, which is mainly caused by different rheological and thermal characteristics of the PVC and the modifier. One can also insert some other polymers, in particular, polystyrene modifiers, from their solutions into the plasticizer with subsequent adjustment with PVC [4]. As a resu
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