Spontaneous epoxidation of styrene catalyzed by flower-like NiO nanoparticles under ambient conditions
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RESEARCH PAPER
Spontaneous epoxidation of styrene catalyzed by flower-like NiO nanoparticles under ambient conditions Taher Sahlabji & Mohamed Abboud Mohamed S. Hamdy
&
Radhouane Bel-Hadj-Tahar &
Received: 11 September 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Flower-like NiO microspheres with an average size of 3 μm and nanoflakes size 10–100 nm were synthesized by surfactant-assisted chemical precipitation method, using Ni(CH3CO2)2·4 H2O as a nickel source, diethanolamine as a complexing agent, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant. The obtain material was characterized by SEM, EDX, HRTEM, XRD, and TGA. The obtained results confirmed the formation of highly ordered flower-like NiO nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of the obtained material was evaluated in the epoxidation reaction of styrene under ambient conditions, using metachloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) as an oxidant. The obtained results revealed an immediate conversion of styrene to styrene oxide, with high conversion (87%), medium selectivity (65%), and high turnover-frequency (TOF) (243 s−1). However, when bulk NiO was applied only 62% conversion with 68% selectivity and TOF = 174 s−1 were obtained. Furthermore, this catalyst is was
T. Sahlabji : M. Abboud (*) : R. Bel-Hadj-Tahar : M. S. Hamdy Catalysis Research Group, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] R. Bel-Hadj-Tahar Photovoltaic Laboratory, Research and Technology Center of Energy, Borj-Cedria Science and Technology Park, BP 95, 2050 Hammem-Lif, Tunisia
easily separable and recyclable. Moreover, a possible reaction mechanism is also proposed.
Keywords Flower-like NiO . Styrene . Spontaneous epoxidation . Chemical precipitation . Ambient conditions
Introduction In the past few years, nickel-based catalysts have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent catalytic performances in various reaction processes such as methanation (Lu and Kawamoto 2013), hydrogenation of aromatics (Stanislaus and Cooper 1994), steam reforming (Li et al. 2015), production of synthesis gas (Ren et al. 2010), hydrocracking (Qin et al. 2015), and isomerization of hydrocarbons (Fedorynska and Winiarek 1995). Amongst nickel-based catalysts, nickel oxide (NiO), either in bulk or nanostructured form, got a high priory to be tested as a catalyst in several applications. However, it has been found that the catalytic activity of NiO is highly dependent on its particles size, porosity, and morphology (Martins and Schmal 2014). NiO with nanostructure morphology exhibited interesting electronic, optical, and magnetic properties (Yadav and Jeevanandam 2014). Various methods have been developed to synthesis NiO NPs with different nanostructured morphology, such as chemical precipitation, sol–gel, hydrothermal, thermal decomposition, combustion, and microwave
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(Paulose et al. 2017; Meher et al. 2011; Dhanasingh et al
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