Status and Development of Sludge Incineration in China
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REVIEW
Status and Development of Sludge Incineration in China Sheng Zhang1 · Fei Wang1 · Zhiya Mei1 · Lukai Lv1 · Yong Chi1 Received: 14 January 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Sewage sludge disposal and utilization have become an ever-increasing challenge due to the rapid development of urbanization and strict environmental protection requirements in China. Incineration is becoming one of the most important strategies for sludge disposal due to the large volume reduction rate, destruction of contaminations, and energy recovery. A general introduction to sludge disposal status in China will be summarized, including sludge production, characteristics of sludge, and existing disposal methods. Second, current research and developments regarding the whole process of sludge incineration will be introduced, which consist of the pretreatment of sewage sludge (e.g., thickening, conditioning, dewatering, and drying), incineration (e.g., co-combustion and mono-combustion), and pollutant control (e.g., gaseous pollutant, heavy metals, and fly ash). Different kinds of incinerators performing sludge mono- or co-combustion are thoroughly introduced and analyzed. Finally, several typical commercial applications of sludge incineration, including the key operation parameters, will be discussed in detail to illustrate the development of the sludge incineration technique in China. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Sludge thermal treatment · Dewatering · Drying · Incineration · Emission control * Fei Wang [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
Statement of Novelty The detailed introduction and analysis of sludge production, sludge pre-treatment, incineration, pollutant emissions control, and commercial applications in China are presented.
Introduction Sludge is the byproduct of municipal or industrial wastewater treatment [1–3]. In recent years, due to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the production of sewage sludge has increased rapidly in China [4, 5]. Sludge usually contains many toxic compounds, e.g., heavy metals, pathogens, and organic contaminants [6–8]. Furthermore, industrial sludge such as tannery sludge and electroplating sludge is usually identified as hazardous waste in landfilling due to the high content of heavy metals [9, 10]. With the growing environment protection consciousness of citizens, the harmless disposal of sludge has gained increasing attention. The main disposal methods for sludge include sanitary landfilling, land application, incineration, and building materials according to the National Standard (Standard number: GB/T 23484-2009) released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and State of China [11, 12]. The basic technical routes of sludge treatment and disposal with different methods are shown in Fig. 1. Although the most common method is sanitary landfilling in China, the future of sanitary landfilling is doubtful. The stabi
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