Stress induced anisotropy in Co-rich magnetic nanocomposites for inductive applications
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A. Devaraj Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
V. DeGeorge Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15221
P. Ohodnicki Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15221, and National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA 15236
M.E. McHenryb) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15221 (Received 5 July 2016; accepted 24 August 2016)
Magnetic nanocomposites, annealed under stress, are investigated for application in inductive devices. Stress annealed Co-based metal/amorphous nanocomposites (MANCs) previously demonstrated induced magnetic anisotropies greater than an order of magnitude larger than field annealed Co-based MANCs and response to applied stress twice that of Fe-based MANCs. Transverse magnetic anisotropies and switching by rotational processes impact anomalous eddy current losses at high frequencies. Here we review induced anisotropies in soft magnetic materials and show new Co-based MANCs having seven times the response to stress annealing as compared to Fe-based MANC systems. This response correlates with the alloying of early transition metal elements (TE) that affect both induced anisotropies and resistivities. At optimal alloy compositions, these alloys exhibit a nearly linear B–H loop, with tunable permeabilities. The electrical resistivity is not a function of processing stress but trends in electrical resistivity and induced anisotropy with choice and concentration of TE content are clearly resolved. Previously reported and record-level induced anisotropies, Ku, ;20 kJ/m3 (anisotropy fields, HK ; 500 Oe), in stress annealed Co-rich MANCs are increased to Ku ; 70 kJ/m3 (HK . 1800 Oe) in new systems. I. INTRODUCTION
Emerging societal trends need advanced materials and components to improve transmission, delivery, and monitoring of electrical power. Trends include: (i) a need for modernization of an aging transmission and distribution system,1 (ii) increasing penetration of distributed generation sources (e.g., renewables) and grid-scale energy storage,2 and (iii) electrification of commercial and military transportation systems (automotive, aviation, aerospace).3 The U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) projects 80% of all electrical power to flow through power electronics by 2030 and grid modernization will require a $1.5 trillion investment over the next decade.4 Advances in wide band gap (WBG) based semiconductor based switching devices Contributing Editor: Gary L. Messing a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] b) This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs. org/jmr-editor-manuscripts/. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.324
promise to advance high power, high frequency power electronic converters to addre
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