Synthesis of iron-based magnetic nanocomposites and applications in adsorption processes for water treatment: a review
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REVIEW
Synthesis of iron‑based magnetic nanocomposites and applications in adsorption processes for water treatment: a review Luciana Resende Marcelo1,2 · Jefferson Santos de Gois1,3 · Alexsandro Araujo da Silva4 · Deborah Vargas Cesar1,3 Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Rising worldwide concern about the quantity and quality of water available to living beings calls for efficient technologies of water treatment. Nanomaterials are promising adsorbents to remove contamination from aqueous solution, and magnetic nanomaterials based on iron have attracted attention because magnetic materials are easy to separate. Here, we review iron magnetic nanomaterials applied for water and wastewater treatment, with focus on toxic elements, pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Major advances are: coprecipitation is the most used method for synthesis of iron magnetic nanoparticles, followed by solvothermal and hydrothermal methods. Magnetite is the most common magnetic nanoparticles applied as magnetic adsorbent. In general, magnetic nanocomposites are superparamagnetic, and the highest magnetization is sought for core–shell structures, reaching 65 emu/g. Most reports focus on removal of toxic metals. Adsorption is explained by the Langmuir isothermal model, kinetic patterns being correlated with pseudo-second-order equations. Overall, iron-based magnetic nanocomposites display promising performances for pollutant removal, yet few investigations report the toxic impacts of magnetic nanoparticles on the environment. Keywords Adsorption · Magnetic nanoparticles · Nanocomposites · Toxic elements · Pharmaceutical-derived compounds · Pesticides
Introduction * Luciana Resende Marcelo [email protected] * Jefferson Santos de Gois [email protected] Alexsandro Araujo da Silva [email protected] Deborah Vargas Cesar [email protected] 1
Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550‑013, Brazil
2
Institute of Education, Science and Technology - Rio de Janeiro, República do Paraguai Avenue, 120, Sarapuí, Duque de Caxias 25050‑100, Brazil
3
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550‑013, Brazil
4
Department of Organic Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550‑013, Brazil
Industrial growth and urbanization have led to the release of pollutants in environment making; sometimes, the water is unfit for consumption (Mehta et al. 2015; Khan and Malik 2019). Several substances with harmful potential have been detected in aquatic systems (Petrie et al. 2014). Many contaminants are not eliminated during wastewater treatment and are not biodegraded in the environment. The commitment and scarcity of water resources and the limitations of available water treatments indicate that the search for new t
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