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Oskar Paris Editor

Structure and Multiscale Mechanics of Carbon Nanomaterials

International Centre for Mechanical Sciences

CISM Courses and Lectures

Series Editors: The Rectors Friedrich Pfeiffer - Munich Franz G. Rammerstorfer - Vienna Elisabeth Guazzelli - Marseille The Secretary General Bernhard Schrefler - Padua Executive Editor Paolo Serafini - Udine

The series presents lecture notes, monographs, edited works and proceedings in the field of Mechanics, Engineering, Computer Science and Applied Mathematics. Purpose of the series is to make known in the international scientific and technical community results obtained in some of the activities organized by CISM, the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences.

International Centre for Mechanical Sciences Courses and Lectures Vol. 563

For further volumes: www.springer.com/series/76

Oskar Paris Editor

Structure and Multiscale Mechanics of Carbon Nanomaterials

Editor Oskar Paris Montanuniversitaet Leoben Leoben, Austria

ISSN 0254-1971 ISBN 978-3-7091-1885-6 ISBN 978-3-7091-1887-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/ 978-3-7091-1887-0 Springer Wien Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © CISM, Udine 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

All contributions have been typeset by the authors

Printed in Italy Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

PREFACE

Carbon is often designated as The Material of the 21st century. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and other highly organized carbon nanostructures are under investigation worldwide for advanced functional materials in diverse fields. Among the numerous applications, they will likely play a key role in modern energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, or fuel cells; they are thought to have the potential to revolutionize electronics by at least partly replacing silicon technology by carbon technology; and most importantly in the present context, they have extraordinary mechanical