Study of chemical composition of agricultural residues from various agro-mass types
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Study of chemical composition of agricultural residues from various agro-mass types M. Praspaliauskas 1 & N. Pedišius 1 & D. Čepauskienė 1 & M. Valantinavičius 1 Received: 22 March 2019 / Revised: 27 May 2019 / Accepted: 3 June 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Agricultural residues from various agro-mass types were investigated for use as fuel. The use of this type of fuel in thermal conversion processes is becoming increasingly relevant because the resources of such fuel are sufficiently large and poorly investigated. Such fuel usage is limited due to the negative impact on combustion processes. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the properties of these fuels to be able to use such fuels in energy production efficiently. Ten types of low-quality grains and seeds, 12 types of harvest residues and 5 types of grain processing residues were selected for this investigation. The main properties of the selected samples were determined by proximate and ultimate analyses. Experimental investigations were performed by determining the concentrations of Al, As, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Ti, Zn and Si. Primary attention was focused on the ash melting behaviours and elemental concentrations of agro-mass types. Analysis of the correlation between fusion temperatures (shrinkage starting (SST), deformation (DT), hemisphere (HT) and flow (FT) temperatures) and agro-mass composition was also carried out. However, no significant relationship changes were observed between agro-mass ash fusion stages and individual inorganic element concentrations. It was determined that there is a weak or moderate correlation between SST and certain inorganic elements. The molar index representing the ratio of basic and acidic components in agro-mass was used, and some of the lowest ash SST, DT, HT and FT values were observed when the index was close to 1. Keywords Agricultural residues . Inorganic composition . Ash fusion
1 Introduction In the twenty-first century, fossil fuel resources are not regarded as sustainable from ecological and environmental points of view [1]. High-energy costs, continuous depletion of fossil fuel reserves and climate change due to excessive greenhouse gases have led society to turn towards renewable and sustainable energy sources [2]. Waste materials are produced globally as by-products from different sectors, such as industrial and agricultural activities and wastes from rural and urban society. Relatively inexpensive, locally available and cost-effective agricultural residues could be used as an alternative to fossil fuel [3]. Mitigating climate change, securing an energy supply and effectively generating energy, as well as efficiently using energy, have become issues of primary * M. Praspaliauskas [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Heat–Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos St. 3, LT–44403 Kaunas, Lithuania
importance in the energy field. To address these challenges, renewable energy so
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