Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects on Metal Bioremediation with Increasing Metal Complexity in a Hexa-metal Environmen
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RESEARCH PAPER
Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects on Metal Bioremediation with Increasing Metal Complexity in a Hexa‑metal Environment by Aspergillus fumigatus Arghya Bhattacharya1 · Deepak Gola1,2 · Priyadarshini Dey1 · Anushree Malik1 Received: 18 May 2020 / Revised: 5 September 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © University of Tehran 2020
Abstract In the present study, Aspergillus fumigatus (Genbank accession no. KX365202), was used for heavy metal removal in a hexametal system containing mixture of six heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn). The total concentration of the heavy metals was kept at 30 mg L −1. The experimental sets were designed based on the relative abundance of the heavy metals present in the wastewater of Delhi-NCR region. Toxicity of the heavy metals to the fungus varied with different metal combinations. Combination of Pb and Cr proved to be most toxic followed by that of Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni. Biomass production of 2.90 g L−1 was found in control whereas the combination Pb and Cr produced the lowest biomass (1.59 g L −1). In the presence of six metals, heavy metal removal pattern was Ni = Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr. SEM studies showed broken fungal hyphae in presence of hexa-metal stress. TEM–EDX studies showed that among the six heavy metals, Cu, Pb and Cd were adsorbed on the cell surface whereas Ni, Cr and Zn were accumulated inside as well outside of the cell. This system could be useful in treating water with multiple heavy metal contaminants. Article Highlights • • • • • •
Combination of six heavy metals used to test toxicity effect on fungus Metal removal pattern in presence of six metal followed order Ni = Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr Combination of Pb and Cr produced lowest biomass proving toxic to the fungus Hexa metal stress caused broken hyphae in fungus Heavy metals partitioned by either adsorbing on the surface or going intracellular Present study approximates natural conditions containing mixtures of heavy metals
Keywords Heavy metals · Bioremediation · Fungus · Multi-metal · Toxicity * Anushree Malik [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction
Arghya Bhattacharya [email protected]
Fungi has been widely used for bio-remediating heavy metals from soil and water (Iskandar et al. 2011; Mishra and Malik 2012; Hassan et al. 2020; Zapana-Huarache et al. 2020). However, most of the studies reported were done in a single-metal system which rarely resembles the actual scenario. Ample studies have been done using Aspergillus for bioremediation of heavy metals owing to its high metal tolerance (Tsekova et al. 2010; Vardon et al. 2011; He et al. 2012; Oladipo et al. 2016; Bano et al. 2018). Very few studies have been done on fungal bioremediation in a multi metal complex system as recently reviewed by Gola et al. (2016b).
Deepak Gola [email protected] Priyadarshini Dey [email protected] 1
Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Hauz Khas, Room No. 271, CRDT, Block‑III
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