Synthesis and characterization of PLGA/HAP scaffolds with DNA-functionalised calcium phosphate nanoparticles for bone ti
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TISSUE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTS AND CELL SUBSTRATES Original Research
Synthesis and characterization of PLGA/HAP scaffolds with DNA-functionalised calcium phosphate nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering Viktoriya Sokolova1 Kathrin Kostka1 K. T. Shalumon2,3 Oleg Prymak1 Jyh-Ping Chen2,4 Matthias Epple ●
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Received: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Porous scaffolds of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA; 85:15) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) were prepared by an emulsion-precipitation procedure from uniform PLGA–nHAP spheres (150–250 µm diameter). These spheres were then thermally sintered at 83 °C to porous scaffolds that can serve for bone tissue engineering or for bone substitution. The base materials PLGA and nHAP and the PLGA–nHAP scaffolds were extensively characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The scaffold porosity was about 50 vol% as determined by relating mass and volume of the scaffolds, together with the computed density of the solid phase (PLGA–nHAP). The cultivation of HeLa cells demonstrated their high cytocompatibility. In combination with DNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles, they showed a good activity of gene transfection with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as model protein. This is expected enhance bone growth around an implanted scaffold or inside a scaffold for tissue engineering. Graphical Abstract
* Jyh-Ping Chen [email protected] * Matthias Epple [email protected] 1
Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration DuisburgEssen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
2
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
3
Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682022, India
4
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2020)31:102
1 Introduction For the regeneration of new bone tissue, the development of a suitable three-dimensional (3D) environment is essential to allow better cell growth and proliferation. Critical properties required for an artificial 3D scaffold, mimicking the extracellular matrix, are non toxicity, biodegradability, porosity, osteoconductivity, and mechanical stability. Various techniques for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds for an enhanced regeneration process have been described [1, 2]. 3D-printing, bioprinting, freeze-drying, or lyophilisation are all important methods to produce porous 3D scaffolds [3–7]. Phase separation and gas foaming are other methods to prepare 3D scaffolds from emulsions and molten polymer solutions, respectively [8, 9
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