Synthesis, characterization and applications of poly-aliphatic amine dendrimers and dendrons
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REVIEW
Synthesis, characterization and applications of poly‑aliphatic amine dendrimers and dendrons Syeda Shaista Gillani1,2 · Munawar Ali Munawar2 · Khalid Mohammed Khan3,4 · Jamil Anwar Chaudhary2,5 Received: 15 November 2019 / Accepted: 5 June 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract In the current era, the dendrimers have vast potential applications in the area of electronics, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, engineering products, photonics, drug delivery, catalysis, electronic devices, nanotechnologies and environmental issues. This review recaps the synthesis, characterization and applications of poly-aliphatic amine dendrimers. Keywords Dendrons · Dendrimers · Synthesis · Characterizations · Electronic devices · Environmental · Catalysis · Drug delivery
Introduction Dendrimers and dendron The “dendrimer” term has been derived from the Greek word dendron, meaning “tree” or “branch”, and meros meaning “part”. The terms "Arboroles" and "cascade polymers" are also used for dendrimers. In 1978, Fritz Vögtle first time reported the synthesis of a dendrimer. In 1983, Tomalia et al. introduced, a novel class of dendrimers constructed with a blend of amines and amides. These polyamidoamine dendrimers are generally called PAMAM dendrimers [1–6]. Ever since, more than 100 dendritic structures have been designated to explore the improved properties and innovative applications in fields such as nano- and bio-technologies, * Syeda Shaista Gillani [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase-VI, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
2
Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
3
H. E. J, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
4
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
5
Chemistry Department, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
catalysis and materials science [7–15]. During the 1980s and 1990s, many dendrimers were designed by different researchers [2]. Figure 1 shows the well-defined structure of a dendrimer composed of various components: a) Multiple reactive sites originate from the central core which further grows into branches layer-by-layer in a symmetric fashion to form dendrimer generations. b) Terminal groups surfaces increases radially and provide platforms for the covalent add-on of multiple functions. c) After third or fourth generation, internal cavities formed which give the dendrimers a circular shape. The foremost part is the focal core, captures different chemical species which possess incomparable properties because of the distinctive nano-environment enclosed by various dendritic splitting. Second part consists of different internal layers of iterating units provides a stretchy interstellar of dendritic constructing blocks, to captur
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