Synthesis of Bimetallic Carbonitrides (V 0.8 Ti 0.2 )(C,N) and its Application as a Grain Refiner
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TRODUCTION
TRANSITION metal carbides and nitrides have been attracting increasing attention[1] as a result of their outstanding physical performance such as extreme hardness, high-temperature stability,[2] chemical inertness, and good electrical and thermal conductivity. Thereby, they have been widely industrially utilized as the materials for cutting tools, structure materials, catalysts, electric devices, etc.[3] Recently, transition metal carbides and nitrides were reported to be good candidates as the grain refiners for aluminum and its alloys[4] and for steel.[5] For instance, the addition of TiC particles in aluminum melt can efficiently reduce the grain size of aluminum ingot and improve the mechanical performance. The introduction of vanadium carbonitrides V(C,N) into steel significantly enhances the physical properties of steel, such as strength, toughness, heat resistance, creep resistance, and corrosion resistance, which is attributed to sediment reinforcement as well as to grain refinement.[5] Many transit metal carbides and/or nitrides can form solid solutions over wide composition ranges with improved physical properties.[6,7] For example, the carbides and nitride of Zr were reported to form solid solutions with those of Ti, Hf, or Nb as (Zr,Ti)(C,N), (Zr,Hf)(C,N), and (Zr,Nb)(C,N), respectively, which are called bimetallic carbonitrides exhibiting enhanced thermal stability and mechanical, electronic, and catalytic properties.[8] The carbides and nitrides of both titanium and vanadium, with JINWEN YE, Associate Professor, YING LIU and ZHENGHUA TANG, Professors, LI DENG, XIN MENG, and YUNFENG ZHU, Postgraduate Students, are with the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted March 14, 2012. Article published online October 2, 2012. 1692—VOLUME 43B, DECEMBER 2012
face-centered cubic (fcc) lattices, may be dissolved into each other and form a solid solution of bimetallic carbonitride (V,Ti)(C,N) with improved physical properties. We may also expect that (V,Ti)(C,N) could work as a grain refiner more efficiently than the monometallic carbonitrides V(C,N) or T(C,N). In the present study, we first synthesized the bimetallic carbonitride (V0.8Ti0.2)(C,N) via carbothermal reduction processing in N2 atmosphere, and we investigated it as a grain refiner for aluminum. II.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
The raw materials of 92.86 g of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5, purity > 99 pct, Chengdu Kelong Chemistry Reagent Corporation, China), 20.40 g of titanium dioxide (TiO2) (approximately 30 nm, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Corporation of China), and 36.74 g of carbon black (average particle size
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