The anti-inflammatory properties of Acanthus Ebracteatus , Barleria Lupulina and Clinacanthus Nutans : a systematic revi
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REVIEW
The anti‑inflammatory properties of Acanthus Ebracteatus, Barleria Lupulina and Clinacanthus Nutans: a systematic review Naomi Temitope Olubusola Ilori1 · Crystal Xiao‑Qi Liew2 · Chee‑Mun Fang2 Received: 18 September 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020 / Published online: 26 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This appraisal is comprised of the inflammatory studies that have been conducted on Clinacanthus nutans, Acanthus ebracteatus, and Barleria lupulina. The review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the supporting and contradictory evidence on each plants’ anti-inflammatory properties, whilst addressing the gaps in the current literature. The databases used to obtain relevant studies were Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed and Nusearch (University of Nottingham). A total of 13 articles were selected for this review. A. ebracteatus was found to suppress neutrophil migration and weakly inhibits chronic inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, B. lupulina and C. nutans were shown to possess very similar antiinflammatory properties. The studies on C. nutans indicated that its anti-inflammatory effect is strongly related to the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Moreover, several phytoconstituents isolated from B. lupulina were shown to activate the anti-inflammatory Nrf2 pathway. Overall, all the studies have provided evidence to support the use of these plants as anti-inflammatory herbal remedies. However, their exact mechanism of action and the responsible phytoconstituents are yet to be established. Keywords Acanthus ebracteatus · Barleria lupulina · Clinacanthus nutans · Anti-inflammatory
Introduction The inflammatory response is a non-specific first line defence mechanism against infection, injury and irritation [1]. There are two forms of inflammation; acute and chronic. The macro-symptoms that are experienced during acute inflammation are predominantly redness, swelling and pain [2]. These symptoms are described as the ‘Celsus tetrad of inflammation’ and they define the external manifestations of acute inflammation [2]. Chronic inflammation is usually triggered when acute inflammatory mediators are
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-06025-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chee‑Mun Fang [email protected] 1
School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
2
ineffectively deactivated, which inadvertently prolongs the inflammatory response [3]. Plants that possess anti-inflammatory properties are highly sought after by natural healers and drug discoverers alike. The reason for this may be due to the increased public interest in natural anti-inflammatory agents as opposed to conventional treatments such as Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) [4]. Despite their wellest
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