The application of GDGTs proxies to the Bohai sea
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The application of GDGTs proxies to the Bohai sea Si Guicai1,4 · Zhang Shengyin1 · Yang Wei2 · Lei Tianzhu1 · Li Shuanglin3 Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract GDGT proxies were used to analyze sediment provenance and mean annual temperature in the Shaleitian salient in the Bohai Sea. The results showed that the provenance of sediment in Shaleitian salient was partly terrigenous and partly from the ocean itself. In addition, the terrestrial inputs were mainly from the Huanghe River, and the marine organic matter was mainly from phytoplankton. The mean sea surface temperature gradually increased from the far coast to the near coast, and the mean annual air temperature showed a similar trend to SST. Our study suggests that the GDGT proxies can be used for understanding the provenance of sediment in semi-enclosed seas. Keywords GDGTs · SST · BIT · Bohai sea
Introduction As global warming continues, the ocean is experiencing a dramatic environmental change. Furthermore, strong positive feedbacks in the ocean-climate system may affect the global climate [11, 21]. The oceans are not the only regulators of the climate on Earth, but they slow down the greenhouse effect (up to 30%), which is caused by human activities that influence the carbon cycle. Paleoclimate research is very important to inform the study of ocean-climate change. It is important to understand the natural processes and feedback within the global organic carbon cycle, an understanding that is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of continuing climate change. Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) have been widely used as a proxy to study environmental changes, such
* Si Guicai [email protected] 1
Northwest Institute of Eco‑Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
2
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development‑Northwest (NWGI), PetroChina, Lanzhou 730020, China
3
China Geological Survey Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
4
Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
as changes in soil organic matter content [6], sea surface temperature [17], soil pH and mean annual air temperature in sediment source areas [12, 26]. GDGTs are membrane lipids that are synthesized by archaea and bacteria [1], which play an important role in maintaining biological functions and recording environmental changes. GDGTs can be divided into two groups: branched GDGTs and isoprenoid GDGTs (br GDGTs and iso GDGTs). Br GDGTs are commonly considered a biomarker for bacteria in soils [26], lake sediments [13, 15], peat [24, 31], and rivers [2, 7, 27, 30]. Iso GDGTs are commonly considered to be produced by archaea in marine environments [19]. The carbon chain skeleton of the archaea lipid compounds has a unique isoprenoid structure and is connected with glycerol molecules by an ether bond [20]. Researchers have studied
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