The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine
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The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine Qiao Chen . Youbin Wang
Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Three-dimensional cell culture technology is a novel cell culture technology, which can simulate the growth state of cells in vivo by scaffolds or special devices. Cells can form tissues or organs in vitro. It combines some advantages of traditional cell experiments and animal model experiments. Because of its advantages, it is widely used in clinical medical research, including research on stem cell differentiation, research on cell behavior, migration and invasion, study on microenvironment, study on drug sensitivity and radio-sensitivity of tumor cells, etc. In this paper, the evolution and classification of threedimensional cell culture are reviewed, also the advantages and shortages are compared. The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine are summarized to provide an insight into translational medicine. Keywords In vivo Three-dimensional cell cultures Scaffold-based techniques Scaffold-free techniques Clinical application Translational medicine
Q. Chen Y. Wang (&) Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is a novel cell culture method, which is applied to the researches of tumor cells and stem cells. The cells in vivo live in a microenvironment composed of adjacent tissue cells and the surrounding matrix. There are fibroblasts, immune cells, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and extracellular matrix in the surrounding matrix (Nazareth et al. 2007). Microenvironment is an important place for reaction, so its stability can ensure normal cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and functional activities (Behonick and Werb 2003). Cells can release cytokines into microenvironment through autocrine and paracrine to maintain survival conditions. Microenvironment, through the changes of metabolism, secretion, immunity, structure and function, conducts the changes of the environment in the whole body or in the distance, limiting and influencing the occurrence and development of regional cells (Mantovani et al. 2008). 3D culture technology is an in vitro culture method simulating the internal microenvironment. It constructs the external matrix skeleton and microenvironment of cell growth artificially, provides a culture condition similar to the internal environment, and enables cells to grow in a 3D way in vitro (Ovsianikov et al. 2012). After the concept of three-dimensional cultivation technology was put forward, there were many related studies. One research direction is the selection and
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creation of scaffold materials. Finding a scaffold material with good biocompatibility and conv
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