The Biology of Fungi

This book has passed through a number of editions each involving some modifications while retaining the general character of the first. The most substantial changes occurred in the fifth (1983), but that is now out-of-date. Mycology has not been immune fr

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The Biology ofFungi Sixth edition

C.T.INGOLD

Former Professor of Botany, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK

H.J. HUDSON Lecturer in Plant Sciences, Cambridge University, UK

SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

First edition 1961 Fifth edition 1984 Reprinted 1986, 1988, 1992 Sixth edition 1993

© 1961, 1967, 1973, 1979, 1984 C.T. Ingold 1993 C.T. Ingold and H.J. Hudson Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Typeset in 10/12pt Plantin by Photoprint, Torquay, Devon ISBN 978-0-412-49040-8 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or ttansmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction on1y in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied' with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Ingold, C.T. (Cecit Terence) The biology of fungi I C. T. Ingold, H.J. Hudson. - 6th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. xxx) and index. ISBN 978-0-412-49040-8 ISBN 978-94-011-1496-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1496-7 1. Mycology. 1. Hudson, Harry J. (Harry James) II. Title. QK603.I53 1993 589.2--dc20

93-3997 CIP

Contents

A colour plate section appears between pages 40 and 41 Preface to the sixth edition Preface to the fifth edition

Vll Vlll

1 Introduction

1

2 Growth and nutrition

7

3 Zygomycotina and Mastigomycotina

25

4 Ascomycotina

53

5 Basidiomycotina

75

6 Deuteromycotina

109

7 Dispersal in fungi

119

8 Fungal genetics

133

9 Ecology of saprotrophic fungi

145

10 Fungi as plant pathogens 11

Fungi as mutualistic symbionts

159 183

12 Fungi and human affairs

197

Further reading: Books on fungi Index

213 217

Preface to the sixth edition

This book has passed through a number of editions each involving some modifications while retaining the general character of the first. The most substantial changes occurred in the fifth (1983), but that is now out-of-date. Mycology has not been immune from the rapid evolution of biology in the past decade and the preparation was a long way beyond the capacity of the older writer (C.T.I.). So a younger one (H.J.H.) has collaborated with him. Substantial changes have been made throughout, particularly in relation to taxonomy but in general Chapters 1-7 have undergone relativel