The Coronary Sinus Reducer; 5-year Dutch experience
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Neth Heart J https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-020-01525-8
The Coronary Sinus Reducer; 5-year Dutch experience M. J. M. Silvis · M. Dekker · C. Zivelonghi · P. Agostoni · P. R. Stella · P. A. Doevendans · D. P. V. de Kleijn · J. P. van Kuijk · G. E. Leenders · L. Timmers
Accepted: 10 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background Refractory angina is a growing and major health-care problem affecting millions of patients with coronary artery disease worldwide. The Coronary Sinus Reducer (CSR) is a device that may be considered for the relief of symptoms of refractory angina. It causes increased venous pressure leading to a dilatation of arterioles and reduced arterial vascular resisThe authors M.J.M. Silvis and M. Dekker contributed equally to this manuscript. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-020-01525-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. J. M. Silvis · P. R. Stella · P. A. Doevendans · G. E. Leenders Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands M. Dekker · D. P. V. de Kleijn Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands M. Dekker Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands C. Zivelonghi · P. Agostoni Hart Centrum, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen (ZNA) Middelheim, Antwerpen, Belgium P. A. Doevendans · D. P. V. de Kleijn Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands P. A. Doevendans Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands J. P. van Kuijk · L. Timmers () Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands [email protected]
tance in the sub-endocardium. This study describes the 5-year Dutch experience regarding safety and efficacy of the CSR. Methods One hundred and thirty-two patients with refractory angina were treated with the CSR. The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class improvement between baseline and 6-month follow-up. The primary safety endpoint was successful CSR implantation in the absence of any device-related events. Results Eighty-five patients (67%) showed improvement of at least 1 CCS class and 43 patients (34%) of at least 2 classes. Mean CCS class improved from 3.17 ± 0.61 to 2.12 ± 1.07 after implantation (P < 0.001). The CSR was successfully implanted in 99% of the patients and only minor complications during implantation were reported. Conclusion The CSR is a simple, safe, and effective option for most patients with refractory angina. However, approximately thirty percent of the patients showed no benefit after implantation. Future studies should focus on the exact underlying mechanisms of action and reasons for non-response to better identify patients that could benefit most from this therapy.
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