The Effect of Phosphate Groups on the Structure and Properties of Bone Cements Based on Calcium Sulfate
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The Effect of Phosphate Groups on the Structure and Properties of Bone Cements Based on Calcium Sulfate D. R. Khayrutdinovaa,*, O. S. Antonovaa, M. A. Golgberga, S. V. Smirnova, P. A. Krokhichevaa, Corresponding Member of the RAS S. M. Barinova, and Corresponding Member of the RAS V. S. Komleva Received April 17, 2020; revised May 12, 2020; accepted June 10, 2020
Abstract—Calcium sulfate-based powders with contents of phosphate groups of 5, 10, and 20 mol % were synthesized by chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions. The products were studied by powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The synthesized powders were used to prepare cement pastes with distilled water as a cement fluid. The phase composition, solubility, microstructure, setting time, and compressive strength of the cement materials were studied. It was shown that the synthesis gave composite powder materials consisting of calcium sulfate and tricalcium phosphate. Materials that could find use in clinical practice as bioresorbable cements to replace bone tissue defects were produced. Keywords: biomaterials, bone cements, calcium sulfate, synthesis, properties, solubility, mechanical strength DOI: 10.1134/S0012500820080017
Calcium sulfate-based materials are used as items for medical purposes (cement pastes) for the replacement of bone tissue damage caused by an injury or disease [1]. An advantage of calcium sulfate (CS) over other calcium-containing cement materials is the low cost and the absence of acid medium in the preparation of cement solutions during application [2]. Mixing of calcium sulfate with distilled water induces the transformation of CS hemihydrate to dihydrate with a very low heat evolution (temperature rise by up to 30°C). Owing to this fact and because of the absence of highly acidic or alkaline media during cement mixing, CS-based cements have found use in medicine as drug carriers [3–5]. Drugs can be added without destruction directly during mixing and homogenization of the CS matrix, while during calcium sulfate dissolution, they are released [6]. The direct use of CS cements for replacement of bone tissue defects is difficult due to high rate of bioresorption; they are applicable only to subcritical size defects [7]. One more drawback is the absence of phosphate ions, which are important components for osteosynthesis [8]. Therefore, CS is used, most often, as an additive for controlling the solubility of calcium phosphate cements (CPC) [9]. Thus, a possible reasonable approach is the anion replacement of sulfate groups by phosphate groups in a Baikov
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
CS. With this approach, the phosphate ions needed for osteosynthesis would be located in the cement and distributed uniformly at the microlevel owing to the joint synthesis. Here, we report the synthesis of CS with partial replacement of sulfate groups by phosphate groups. The phase composition, solubility, morphology, and mechanical stren
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