The effect of the pesticide delivery method on the microbial community of field soil
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The effect of the pesticide delivery method on the microbial community of field soil Svetlana Prudnikova 1
&
Nadezhda Streltsova 1 & Tatiana Volova 1,2
Received: 21 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The study deals with the effects of herbicides (metribuzin, tribenuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) and fungicides (tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, azoxystrobin) applied to soil as free pesticides or as slow release formulations embedded in a biodegradable composite matrix on the structure of the soil microbial community. The matrix consisted of a natural biopolymer poly-3hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and a filler—one of the natural materials (peat, clay, and wood flour). The soil microbial community was characterized, including the major eco-trophic groups of bacteria, dominant taxa of bacteria and fungi, and primary P(3HB)degrading microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Pseudarthrobacter, Streptomyces, Penicillium, and Talaromyces. The addition of free pesticides adversely affected the abundance of soil microorganisms; the decrease varied from 1.4 to 56.0 times for different types of pesticides. The slow release pesticide formulations, in contrast to the free pesticides, exerted a much weaker effect on soil microorganisms, no significant inhibition in the abundance of saprotrophic bacteria was observed, partly due to the positive effects of the composite matrix (polymer/natural material), which was a supplementary substrate for microorganisms. The slow release fungicide formulations, like the free fungicides, reduced the total abundance of fungi and inhibited the development of the phytopathogens Fusarium and Alternaria. Thus, slow release formulations of pesticides preserve the bioremediation potential of soil microorganisms, which are the main factor of removing xenobiotics from the biosphere. Keywords Soil microorganisms . Pesticides . Slow release formulations . Biodegradable polymer . Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate . P(3HB)-degrading microorganisms
Introduction A huge amount of various chemicals to control pests, weeds, and pathogens of plants in an inherent part of modern intensive agricultural technologies are used. At the same time, most of the pesticides introduced into the environment accumulate in biological objects, pollute soil and water, cause the death of beneficial organisms, and unbalance natural ecosystems. Pesticides are the most dangerous product of civilization, Responsible editor: Robert Duran * Svetlana Prudnikova [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
2
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
causing environmental disbenefits and threatening human health. Pesticides are reprotoxic (Li et al. 2019; Manfo et al. 2019) and teratogenic (Yu et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2018; Patel and Sangeeta 2019) have epigenetic activit
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