The effects of crocin on psychological parameters in patients under methadone maintenance treatment: a randomized clinic
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RESEARCH
Open Access
The effects of crocin on psychological parameters in patients under methadone maintenance treatment: a randomized clinical trial Anahita Khalatbari-mohseni1, Hamid Reza Banafshe1,2,3, Naghmeh Mirhosseini4, Zatollah Asemi5, Amir Ghaderi1 and Abdollah Omidi6*
Abstract Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) might be associated with the symptoms of depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances and sexual dysfunctions. This study was designed to determine the effects of crocin on psychological parameters in patients under MMT. Methods: Patients under MMT were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 30 mg/day crocin (2 plus crocin tablet, 15 mg BID) (n = 25) or placebo (2 tablets per day, 15 mg BID) (n = 25), one hour after taking food, for 8 weeks. Psychological parameters were evaluated at baseline and end of the trial to determine related associations between crocin and patients’ mental health status. Results: After 8-week intervention, crocin significantly decreased Beck Depression Inventory (b − 6.66; 95% CI, − 9.88, − 3.45; P < 0.0001), Beck Anxiety Inventory (b − 4.35; 95% CI, − 5.94, − 2.75; P < 0.0001), general health questionnaire (b − 4. 45; 95% CI, − 7.68, − 1.22; P = 0.008) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (b − 2.73; 95% CI, − 3.74, − 1.73; P < 0.0001) in patients under MMT, compared with the placebo. Crocin also significantly improved International Index of Erectile Functions (b 4.98; 95% CI, 2.08, 7.88; P = 0.001) rather than placebo. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that taking crocin for 8 weeks by patients under MMT had beneficial effects on their mental health status. Crocin can be recommended as an adjunct to methadone in opioid withdrawal protocols because of the ability to improve the quality of life and decrease opioids side effects in these patients. This trial was registered in the Iranian website for clinical trials registry as http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017110537243N1. Clinical trial registration number: www.irct.ir: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017110537243N1. Keywords: Crocin, Psychological parameters, Methadone maintenance treatment
Background Methadone is well-known for treating opioids dependence and managing chronic pain among patients suffering from withdrawal syndrome [1]. Being the most cost-effective treatment for opioid dependence, interest in adding it to opioid withdrawal protocols [2, 3] is growing. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) might improve social functioning and quality of life * Correspondence: [email protected] 6 Department of clinical psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
among patients with chronic dependence [4]. However, despite the practical implementation of MMT, many challenges and hurdles remained unsolved. There are evidence demonstrating the association between substance dependence and comorbid conditions, specifically psychological syndromes [5]. However, MMT also might be associated with depressi
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