The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Risk and Treatment
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Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering ( 2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-020-00630-3
Review
The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Risk and Treatment NIDHI JYOTSANA
and MICHAEL R. KING
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA (Received 29 May 2020; accepted 18 June 2020) Associate Editor Owen McCarty oversaw the review of this article.
Abstract—Millions of people are being infected with COVID-19 around the globe. Though the majority of them will recover, cancer patients remain at a higher risk to SARSCoV-2 infection and its related severe outcomes. Understanding how viruses contribute to human cancers provides us with new opportunities for preventing or treating virusassociated cancers. However, a limited amount of research has been done to date in the context of how viral infections impact cancer at the cellular level and vice versa. Therefore, in light of the COVID-19 global infection, this review highlights the need for better understanding of the biology of viral infections in cancer patients, to enable novel therapies to co-target viral infections and cancer. Keywords—COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cancer, Immunotherapy, Cytokine storm, ACE2, Coagulopathy.
patients and the increase in numbers of COVID-19 infections in cancer patients either undiagnosed, diagnosed, under treatment or under remission, have provided a sense of urgency to understand the interconnection and develop novel therapies to cotarget viral infections and cancer. However, little is known about novel SARS-CoV-2 biology and very limited to no research has been done in the context of whether and how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts cancer cells. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the impact that COVID-19 has in cancer emergence and treatment, and highlight the emerging need to study the role of COVID-19 infection in cancer progression and treatment.
VIRAL INFECTIONS AND CANCER INTRODUCTION For the past three decades, viral infections have presented a great challenge for cancer patients and oncologists. COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) virus, continues to spread around the globe (infectivity index, R0 ~ 2.5). The mortality rate of cancer patients who contracted SARS-CoV-2 virus was reported to be 6% in comparison to 1% for healthy people in China.22,59 Cancer patients are reported three times more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection with possible poor prognosis than individuals without cancer because of their systemic immunosuppressive state caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or surgery (AACR Virtual Meeting, 2020). The continuously increasing numbers of cancer Address correspondence to Nidhi Jyotsana, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic mail: [email protected]
The inability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self, results in, and links, the pathogenesis of cancer and viral infections. Both vir
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