The influence of scion donor tree age on the growth and morphogenesis of Siberian stone pine grafts
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The influence of scion donor tree age on the growth and morphogenesis of Siberian stone pine grafts Svetlana N. Velisevich1 · Olga G. Bender1 · Sergey N. Goroshkevich1 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The influence of scions donor tree age on the morphological variability of needles, shoots, and branching pattern was studied in 7-year-old grafted scions of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). We analyzed clones of four age groups: seedlings (4–7 years), young trees (38–62 years), mature trees (238–376 years), and old trees (549–700 years). The results showed that during the first 7 years after grafting, the age of the scion donor tree greatly affects branching patterns and leaf morphology of grafted trees. The age of the scion donor tree also significantly affects the growth of grafts in length, albeit to a lesser extent. Grafts derived from seedlings, young, mature, and old trees had different ratios of shoot elongation and branching: weak growth and abundant branching, strong growth and abundant branching, strong growth and medium branching, weak growth and branching, respectively. The degree of needle xeromorphy, the level of apical dominance, and the number of epicormic buds increased significantly with the age of scion donor trees. Premature (late summer and autumn) growth of dormant buds was typical only for grafts derived from seedlings and, to a lesser extent, from young trees. The closer the scion donor tree is to the ontogenetic growth peak, the more elongated and abundant the branching of the grafts derived from it. Keywords Pinus sibirica Du Tour · Age · Comparative morphology · Grafts
Introduction Russia’s forestry industry is extensive since it is directed towards only a quantitative increase in natural forests for harvesting and not towards quality improvement. The number of forest tree plantations for wood production is insignificant and seed orchards are single. However, the introduction of woody plants into the culture through selection and use of clone varieties (sorts) is the main purpose of the forestry sector on a global level and in Russia.
* Svetlana N. Velisevich [email protected] 1
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS, 10/3 Academichesky ave, Tomsk, Russia 634055
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New Forests
Siberian stone pine is the most important tree species, ecologically and economically, within an area of more than 5 million square kilometers from the Ural Mountains to Yakutia. It is the only cone-bearing species of the Siberian taiga, the basis of trophic chains in natural ecosystems, and a valuable food source for the local human and animal population. Due to the high value of this species, the establishment of cone-bearing clonal seed orchards has become a necessity (Goroshkevich 2000). The generative characteristics of mother trees are preserved during vegetative propagation, and grafting can significantly accelerate the start of seed production and the time it takes for
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