The Lactating Adipose Organ
The two subcutaneous depots, anterior and posterior, of the adipose organ are almost entirely replaced by brownish-pink hypertrophic mammary glands in lactating mice. Note that the upper depot lies almost entirely in dorsal position (see details in Chap.
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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2018 S. Cinti, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and the Adipose Organ, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40522-3_11
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The Lactating Adipose Organ
11.1 The Lactating Adipose Organ PLATE 11.1
The two subcutaneous depots, anterior and posterior, of the adipose organ are almost entirely replaced by brownish-pink hypertrophic mammary glands in lactating mice. Note that the upper depot lies almost entirely in dorsal position (see details in Chap. 1 and Plate 11.18). Upon dissection, the relationships between these glands and the nipples located on the axillary-inguinal axis were clearly evident (see pink circles in the lower panel). The anterior gland is connected bilaterally with the three nipples of the anterior middle part of the animal and the posterior gland with the two nipples of the posterior portion of the body. The remaining portion (visceral depots) of the adipose organ is hypotrophic. Thus all subcutaneous fat of adult female mice is transformed into mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. Mice mammary glands are usually described as five bilateral glands due to the presence of ten nipples. Gross anatomy and histology show that the six nipples connected to the anterior subcutaneous depot are not owing to separate glandular structures; thus we should consider the whole glandular mass derived from anterior subcutaneous fat as a single mammary gland provided with six nipples. On the other end, the same reasoning can be applied to the posterior subcutaneous depot that should be considered as a single mammary gland provided with two bilateral nipples.
Suggested Reading Cowie AT. Proceedings: overview of the mammary gland. J Invest Dermatol. 63:2–9, 1974. Plagge A, et al. The imprinted signaling protein XL alpha s is required for postnatal adaptation to feeding. Nat Gen. 36:818– 26, 2004. Ercan C, et al. Mammary development and breast cancer: the role of stem cells. Curr Mol Med 11:270–85, 2011. Bussard KM, Smith GH. The mammary gland microenvironment directs progenitor cell fate in vivo. Int J Cell Biol. 451676:1–11, 2011.
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Gross Anatomy
LACTATING
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LACTATING
Plate 11.1 Gross anatomy of the adipose organ of a lactating mouse 339
The Lactating Adipose Organ
PLATE 11.2
The white adipose tissue of murine subcutaneous fat depots is a very plastic tissue that gradually disappears during pregnancy and lactation to reappear at post-lactation with weaning. This plate shows the histology of the inguinal portion of the posterior subcutaneous depot of an adult nonpregnant mouse (upper left), at day 18 of pregnancy (upper right), at day 14 of lactation (bottom left), and at day 10 of post-lactation (bottom right). In the nonpregnant adult female mice, about 90% of the mammary gland (corresponding to the whole subcutaneous part of the adipose organ) is formed by adipocytes among which branched ducts ending in five bilateral nipples (total of ten mammary glands per mouse, but see details in previous plate) spread for the whole volume of the organ wi
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