The molecular regulation of cell pluripotency in plants
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aBIOTECH
REVIEW
The molecular regulation of cell pluripotency in plants Chongyi Xu1 , Yuxin Hu1,2& 1
2
Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100093, China
Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020
Abstract
Plants have a remarkably regenerative capability to replace the damaged organs or form the new organs and individuals both in vivo and in vitro, which is fundamental for their developmental plasticity and the agricultural practices. The regenerative capacities of plants are highly dependent on the totipotency or pluripotency of somatic cells, whose fates are directed by phytohormones, wounding, and other stimuli. Recent studies have revealed that the two types of cellular reprogramming are involved in the acquisition of cell pluripotency during plant in vitro and in vivo regeneration programs. This review focuses on the recent advances of the cellular origin, molecular characteristic, and genetic and epigenetic regulations of cell pluripotency acquisition in plants, highlighting the molecular frameworks of cellular reprogramming activated by diverse stimuli and their possible potentials in regeneration-based plant biotechnologies.
Keywords Pluripotency, Phytohormone, Wounding, Reprogramming, Regeneration
INTRODUCTION The extraordinarily developmental plasticity is a general feature of plant bodies, which confers plants with a striking ability to respond to environmental stimuli and compromise their body integrity both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Plants can develop or reconstitute the new tissues or complete organs in vivo during development or upon damage and/or wound conditions (Birnbaum and Sanchez Alvarado 2008), and the already differentiated organs or tissues of plants also retain the capability to regenerate the new organs or whole plants under appropriate in vitro culture conditions (Birnbaum and Sanchez Alvarado 2008; Sugimoto et al. 2010, 2011). The remarkable totipotency or pluripotency of plant somatic cells is thus considered to be fundamental for such developmental plasticity and repeatable regeneration capability. The exceptional
regeneration potential of plant somatic cells has widely been utilized for in vitro regeneration systems in a variety of plant species and invaluable biotechnology practices for over a half century (Ahmad et al. 2012; Viacheslavova et al. 2012; Melnyk and Meyerowitz 2015; Ikeuchi et al. 2016). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant cell totipotency or pluripotency have only begun to be disclosed in recent years. The high regenerative capacities of plants highly rely on the acquisition of pluripotency of somatic cells, during which the already differentiated cells are reprogrammed into the totipotent or pluripotent cells. For instance, in a typical plant in vitro regeneration system, such cell fate change occurs from explants with the formation of an unorganize
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