The Optic Nerve Head in High Myopia

The optic nerve head in highly myopic eyes is characterized by an enlargement of the optic nerve scleral canal and of the primary Bruch’s membrane opening; a thinning of the lamina cribrosa and thus a reduction in the distance between the intraocular comp

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Pathologic Myopia

Richard F. Spaide • Kyoko Ohno-Matsui Lawrence A. Yannuzzi Editors

Pathologic Myopia

Editors Richard F. Spaide, MD Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York New York, NY USA Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan

Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, MD Department of Clinical Ophthalmology Columbia University School of Medicine LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center New York, NY USA

ISBN 978-1-4614-8337-3 ISBN 978-1-4614-8338-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8338-0 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013955575 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To my family Chang, Ted, Chris, and Emily and also to all of the teachers I have had over the years. Richard F. Spaide I would like to thank my mentor Emeritus Professor Takashi Tokoro, and my family, Seiji and Kyoka. Kyoko Ohno-Matsui I would like to thank my wife, children and grandchildren. Lawrence A. Yannuzzi

Foreword I

A quarter of a century ago, I dedicated a significant amount of my professional career to the study of pathologic myopia. At that time, I realized the importance of this ocular disease