The Relation of Diabetes to Memory Function
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(2020) 20:64
BEHAVIOR (H S KIRSHNER, SECTION EDITOR)
The Relation of Diabetes to Memory Function Zoe Arvanitakis 1,2,3 & Manvita Tatavarthy 3 & David A. Bennett 1,2,3 Accepted: 24 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Research has consistently shown that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia. Because one of the most common clinical presentations of early stage dementia is memory impairment, we examined the relationship of T2D with memory function, using the recently published scientific literature. Recent Findings We conducted a structured review to identify studies of “T2D and memory” published since 2015. After review of the 129 articles retrieved, we identified 14 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the eight studies with a single assessment of memory function in time (mostly cross-sectional), six found an association of T2D with lower memory function, but mostly in select subgroups of persons. Separately, six studies included repeated measures of memory (longitudinal design). Four out of six longitudinal studies found that T2D was related with a faster decline in memory, while two did not. Among the four studies showing a relation with memory decline, two had sample sizes of 9000–10,000 persons. Further, three longitudinal studies controlled for hypertension and stroke as covariates, and results suggested that common vascular risk factors and diseases do not account for the relation. While mechanistic studies clearly support a role for cerebrovascular disease in the relation of T2D with cognition, emerging data suggest that insulin resistance in the brain itself may also play a role. Summary Most, but not all, recently published studies suggest that T2D is associated with a lower level and faster decline in memory function. This association does not appear to be fully accounted for by common vascular processes. More research will clarify the mechanisms linking T2D to memory and dementia. Keywords Type 2 diabetes . Memory
Introduction The number of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) continues to rise globally. In 2015, the global prevalence of T2D was estimated to be 8.8%, and is predicted to rise to about 10.4% by 2040 [1]. Older adults (age older than 65 years) are the population with the highest prevalence of T2D [2]. Further, T2D has been found to be associated with many longterm complications, especially in older adults [2]. This population has been found to have the highest rate of myocardial
* Zoe Arvanitakis [email protected] 1
Rush Memory Clinic, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, 1750 W. Harrison Street, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
2
Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
3
Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University System for Health (RUSH), Chicago, IL, USA
infarction, visual impairment, and kidney failure [3, 4]. T2D is also a well-known risk factor for n
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