The Relationship Between Subjective Pilling Evaluation Results and Detecting Pills and Textural Features in Knitted Fabr
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ISSN 1229-9197 (print version) ISSN 1875-0052 (electronic version)
The Relationship Between Subjective Pilling Evaluation Results and Detecting Pills and Textural Features in Knitted Fabrics Abdurrahman Telli* Department of Textile Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey (Received May 24, 2019; Revised November 3, 2019; Accepted December 11, 2019) Abstract: The digital image processing studies are used in order to eliminate problems of subjective pilling evaluation. However, these applications did not come to the desired point. The purpose of this research is to put forward with explanations about the reasons for the failures of previous studies in objective pilling evaluation. In this study, three issues were dwelled on. Firstly, data belong to original fabrics (0 turns) were taken into consideration. Secondly, data were standardized using min-max normalization with a feature scaling approach to compare different fabrics. For this process, data after pilling and results belong to original fabrics (0 turns) were taken together. Thirdly, knitted fabrics were separated into different categories according to formed pill types and characteristics after pilling processing. The results were evaluated in the most appropriate category according to the pill’s structure. Two sample fabrics containing appropriate structure and characteristics which were able to explain the three overlooked issues were used. In digital image processing made by paying attention to these mentioned three points, both pill parameters and textural features obtained from digital images were determined. The relationships between these parameters and subjective evaluation results were examined. Keywords: Martindale, Pilling, Pilling grade, Pilling evaluation, Digital image processing
Furferi et al. [15] and Eldessouki [16] reviewed the literature about the objective evaluation stages and their techniques. It was indicated in this systematic literature review that number of techniques such as digital scanner, CCD camera, and light projected on a camera, microscope acquisition, topographic reconstruction, laser line projection, and stereovision were used in surface digitization. Binarization threshold, noise reduction and edge detection, background dilation and erosion, Fast Fourier transform, wavelet transforms, template matching, edge flow detection, color channels blending have been reported as applications for image segmentation in the previous studies. Pill parameters such as the number of pills, the average area of pill, the standard deviation of area of pills, the total area of pills, the average perimeter of pills, the standard deviation of perimeter of pills, the density of pills, contrast were investigated in the many of previous studies for pilling quantization [17]. There are also available commercial applications for automated pilling grading system [18]. Scientific studies based on these applications have also been carried out [19]. However, these applications and studies did not come to the desired point. The purpose of th
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