The Role of Meteorological Factors in the Air Particulate Matter of the Patras Port Atmosphere, Greece
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The Role of Meteorological Factors in the Air Particulate Matter of the Patras Port Atmosphere, Greece Aikaterini N. Apostolopoulou & Prodromos H. Koukoulakis & Spyridon Kyritsis & Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis & Soterios P. Varnavas
Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In the present work, the interaction between temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction was studied in the atmosphere of Patras port, and the following were found: The interaction between
Highlights 1. The relative humidity is positively (synergistically) related to particulate matter. 2. The environmental temperature is negatively (antagonistically) related to relative humidity. 3. The environmental temperature is negatively related to particulate matter in the presence of wind direction. 4. The wind direction is the factor which determines the type or form of the meteorological interactions. A. N. Apostolopoulou (*) : S. P. Varnavas Department of Geology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece e-mail: [email protected]
S. P. Varnavas e-mail: [email protected] P. H. Koukoulakis Agricultural Research Organization “Demetra” Soil Science Institute, Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece e-mail: [email protected] S. Kyritsis : I. K. Kalavrouziotis School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
temperature and air particle concentration was synergistic in the absence of wind direction, this result being however false. The actual effect of temperature in the presence of wind direction was antagonistic in line with most of the authors of the international bibliography; i.e., increase of the temperature level resulted in a decrease of particle concentration per unit volume (cm3). On the other hand, increase of the relative humidity increased the particle concentration per cm3, while the interaction between temperature and relative humidity was also antagonistic; i.e., increase of temperature decreased accordingly the relative humidity, and vice versa. Similarly, the interaction between wind speed and relative humidity was also antagonistic and statistically significant. It is emphasized that the wind direction played an important role in determining the antagonistic or synergistic nature of the interactions between the meteorological factors, and especially, in controlling quantitatively the results (or outcomes), of the above interactions. Keywords Particulate matter . Temperature . Wind speed . Wind direction . Interactions particulate matter . Atmosphere
1 Introduction S. Kyritsis e-mail: [email protected] I. K. Kalavrouziotis e-mail: [email protected]
Particulate matter there has always been present in the atmosphere due primarily to natural reasons, such as dust brought by winds from deserts and sea aerosols produced along the coastal lines.
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The economic development that followed the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century and the movement and transfer of populations from one region to another i
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