Thismia minutissima (Thismiaceae), a remarkable new mycoheterotrophic species from Sarawak, Borneo
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ISSN: 0075-5974 (print) ISSN: 1874-933X (electronic)
Thismia minutissima (Thismiaceae), a remarkable new mycoheterotrophic species from Sarawak, Borneo Martin Dančák1 , Michal Hroneš2 & Michal Sochor3
Summary. Thismia minutissima, a distinctive minute species of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia is described and illustrated. It was found in several localities in mountain areas of Sarawak, Malaysia. The new species is superficially similar to members of Thismia sect. Rodwaya from Australia and New Zealand but differs by several distinctive morphological traits, including a fishtail-like lateral connective appendage and a perfect mitre. Its ecology, distribution and taxonomic status, as well as phylogenetic placement, are discussed. Key Words. Burmanniaceae, funiculus, fairy lantern, Malesia, rainforest, seed, taxonomy.
Introduction Fairy lanterns, Thismia Griff. (Thismiaceae, or alternatively Burmanniaceae sensu APG IV; The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016), are nonphotosynthetic mycoheterotrophic herbs of mainly tropical distribution. The number of known species in the genus has been increasing rapidly in recent years, with 85 species recognised at the end of 2018 (e.g. Chantanaorrapint & Suddee 2018; Dančák et al. 2018; Hroneš et al. 2018; Siti-Munirah 2018; Sochor et al. 2018b; Suetsugu et al. 2018a; Suetsugu et al. 2018b; Tanaka et al. 2018). New records of the genus have recently been published for Lao PDR, the Andaman Islands and peninsular India (Kumar et al. 2017; Sujanapal et al. 2017; Hareesh et al. 2018) as well as rediscoveries of some earlier described taxa (Chantanaorrapint 2018; Sochor et al. 2018a). The infrageneric taxonomy of Thismia still remains controversial despite the current progress (e.g. Kumar et al. 2017; Sochor et al. 2018b). Four main groups are recognised in the Old World: sect. Thismia, sect. Sarcosiphon (Blume) Jonker, sect. Rodwaya (Schltr.) Jonker and sect. Glaziocharis (Taub. ex Warm.) Hatus. (Kumar et al. 2017). However, several species cannot be placed into the current infrageneric system, e.g. T. sahyadrica Sujanapal, Robi & Dantas (Sujanapal et al. 2017; Shepeleva et al. 2020). During our recent field trips to Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo), several populations of a unique Thismia were
discovered. They are distinct from all previously described species, both in their morphology and molecular markers. We describe these populations as a species new to science here.
Material and Methods Morphology was studied in the field using hand lenses (20 – 60× magnification) and macrophotography. Specimens were preserved in the form of pressed herbarium and alcohol (70% ethanol) specimens and deposited in SAR and OL; a piece of tissue from one individual per population was silica gel-dried for subsequent DNA extraction. DNA was extracted by the CTAB method (Doyle & Doyle 1987) and sequence data were generated for three nuclear and two mitochondrial loci. The small subunit of ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) was amplified and sequenced with primers NS1 and NS6, internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal D
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