Thyroid hormone signaling is associated with physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of oldest-old:
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Thyroid hormone signaling is associated with physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of oldest-old: results from the Mugello study Angelo Di Iorio & Roberto Paganelli & Michele Abate & Giovanni Barassi & Alex Ireland & Claudio Macchi & Raffaele Molino-Lova & Francesca Cecchi
Received: 22 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Thyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of muscle function, such as myogenesis and energy metabolism, suggesting that the thyroid may be also involved in the entropic processes of muscle aging. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of TH signaling on physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of community-dwelling oldest-old subjects (> 90 years). The study population was selected in a rural area of
central Italy (Mugello, Tuscany), and the design was cross-sectional. Four hundred seventy-five subjects (130 males and 345 females) were enrolled, representing about 65% of all the nonagenarians living in the Mugello area. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors (sex, age, diabetes, and levothyroxine administration), the lowest quartile of FT3/FT4 ratio distribution showed lower physical performance compared to the other quartiles (β ± SE: − 0.49 ± 0.12;
Angelo Di Iorio and Roberto Paganelli contributed equally to this work. A. Di Iorio (*) : R. Paganelli : M. Abate : G. Barassi Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti, University Centre of Sports Medicine, Viale Abruzzo 322, Chieti Scalo, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
R. Paganelli e-mail: [email protected] M. Abate e-mail: [email protected] G. Barassi e-mail: [email protected] G. Barassi Thermal Medicine Center of Castelnuovo della Daunia, Foggia, Italy A. Ireland Department of Life Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University,
John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK e-mail: [email protected] C. Macchi : F. Cecchi Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Di Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, 50100 Florence, Italy
C. Macchi e-mail: [email protected] F. Cecchi e-mail: [email protected] C. Macchi : R. Molino-Lova : F. Cecchi IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via di Scandicci 269, 50143 Florence, Italy
R. Molino-Lova e-mail: [email protected]
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p < 0.001), whereas the highest quartile of FT3/FT4 ratio was associated with higher skeletal muscle index (β ± SE: 1.11 ± 0.42; p = 0.009). In addition, the lowest quartile of FT4 showed a statistically significant higher handgrip strength (β ± SE: 1.78 ± 0.68; p = 0.009) compared to all other quartiles. This study demonstrates that nonagenarians with higher FT3/FT4 ratios had better preserved muscle function, therefore successfully overcoming the imbalance of homeostatic and entropic processes involved in muscle aging. However, we could n
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